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目的观察四川省甲肝减毒活疫苗(简称“甲肝疫苗”)纳入免疫规划以来的流行病学效果。方法采用生态学研究方法,对四川省甲肝疫苗纳入免疫规划前后的全省甲肝发病情况、甲肝突发公共卫生、甲肝疫苗接种率事件等资料进行统计分析。结果甲肝疫苗纳入免疫规划后全省甲肝报告发病率下降明显,疫苗实际保护率逐年上升至79.21%(2014年)。全省甲肝报告发病率与甲肝疫苗调查接种率呈显著负相关(rs=-0.898,P<0.05)。甲肝疫苗纳入免疫规划后,甲肝高发地区甲肝报告发病率下降显著,疫苗实际保护率达80%以上。全省甲肝突发公共卫生事件明显减少,2010-2014年全省仅发生1起甲肝突发公共卫生事件。结论甲肝疫苗的保护效果显著。民族地区的免疫规划工作仍需加强,以进一步提高甲肝疫苗保护效果。
Objective To observe the epidemiological effects of live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine (abbreviated as “Hepatitis A vaccine”) in Sichuan Province since its inclusion in the immunization program. Methods The ecological research methods were used to analyze the incidence of hepatitis A, the public health of hepatitis A and the incidence of hepatitis A vaccination before and after the hepatitis A vaccine was introduced into the immunization program in Sichuan. Results After hepatitis A vaccine was included in the immunization program, the incidence of hepatitis A in the whole province dropped significantly. The actual protection rate of vaccine increased year by year to 79.21% (2014). There was a significant negative correlation between the incidence of hepatitis A reported in the province and the vaccination rate of hepatitis A vaccine (rs = -0.898, P <0.05). Hepatitis A vaccine into the immunization program, hepatitis A high incidence of hepatitis A report a significant drop in the incidence of vaccines, the actual protection rate of 80% or more. Hepatitis A sudden public health incidents in the province have been significantly reduced. In 2010-2014, only 1 Hepatitis A public health emergency took place in the province. Conclusion The protective effect of hepatitis A vaccine is significant. Immunization planning in ethnic areas still needs to be strengthened in order to further enhance the protection effect of hepatitis A vaccine.