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内质网(endoplasmic reticulum,ER)是广泛存在于真核生物中的一类形态多样、功能重要的细胞器。内质网的连续膜系统由细胞核核膜、核周区域和外周区域组成。从形态上来看,内质网可以分为片状及管状两种结构,并且这两种形态又发挥着不同的生理功效。近年来的一些研究逐渐揭示了内质网这一复杂膜结构维持的机制,许多新发现的蛋白参与到内质网形态的维持过程中,其中整合膜蛋白reticulons和DP1/Yop1p既能诱导内质网管状结构的形成,又可能参与片状内质网的塑形,而atlastins和Sey1p则通过介导膜融合促进内质网管状网络的构建。更重要的是,一类称做遗传性痉挛性截瘫的人类神经退行性疾病与内质网形态的完整性有直接的关联。以近几年的研究结果为基础,对内质网膜形态的维持机制进行简要阐述。
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a kind of diverse and functionally important organelles widely found in eukaryotes. The continuous membrane system of the endoplasmic reticulum consists of a nuclear nuclear membrane, perinuclear and peripheral regions. From the morphological point of view, the endoplasmic reticulum can be divided into two kinds of sheet and tube structure, and these two forms also play different physiological effects. In recent years, some studies gradually reveal the mechanism of the endoplasmic reticulum, a complex membrane structure. Many new proteins are involved in the maintenance of the endoplasmic reticulum, in which the integral membrane proteins reticulons and DP1 / Yop1p can induce the endoplasmic reticulum The formation of networked tubular structures may also be involved in the shaping of the platelet endoplasmic reticulum, while atlastins and Sey1p promote the construction of the endoplasmic reticulum tubular network by mediating membrane fusion. More importantly, a class of human neurodegenerative diseases known as hereditary spastic paraplegia is directly linked to the integrity of the morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum. Based on the findings of recent years, the maintenance mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum membrane morphology is briefly described.