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目的探讨新疆乌鲁木齐市居民出血性脑卒中发病的相关危险因素,为出血性脑卒中的个体化预防提供科学依据。方法采用前瞻性脑卒中登记方法,连续收集2012年1月-2014年6月新疆乌鲁木齐市8家医院维吾尔族、汉族经头颅CT或MRI确诊的出血性脑卒中患者800例(病例组),以同期8家医院维吾尔族、汉族健康体检者800例作为对照组,设计统一的调查表,进行脑卒中登记,分析出血性脑卒中的相关危险因素。结果病例组与对照组均显示年龄(P=0.001)、民族(P=0.010)、吸烟史(P=0.003)、饮酒史(P=0.026)、高血压病史(P=0.001)、糖尿病病史(P=0.012)、高脂血症病史(P=0.014)等因素是发生出血性脑卒中的危险因素;其中年龄(P=0.001)、族别(P=0.025)、吸烟史(P=0.000)、高血压病史(P=0.000)、糖尿病病史(P=0.027)、高脂血症病史(P=0.002)是发生出血性脑卒中独立危险因素;高血压病史(OR=4.471)对出血性脑卒中的影响最大。维吾尔族患者吸烟、饮酒比例明显低于汉族(P<0.001),而高脂血症的患病率高于汉族(P=0.023)。结论高血压、高脂血症、年龄、饮酒、吸烟、糖尿病是出血性脑卒中常见危险因素,维族、汉族的差异可能与基因、生活饮食习惯等密切相关,并且通过控制血压和血脂、合理膳食、改变不良的生活饮食习惯、加强锻炼等措施有利于预防出血性脑卒中的发生。
Objective To investigate the risk factors associated with hemorrhagic stroke among residents in Urumchi, Xinjiang and to provide a scientific basis for individualized prevention of hemorrhagic stroke. Methods A prospective stroke registration method was used to continuously collect 800 cases (case group) of hemorrhagic stroke patients diagnosed by head CT or MRI from 8 January 2012 to June 2014 in Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur and Han nationality Over the same period Uygur in 8 hospitals, 800 healthy Han nationality as a control group, design a unified questionnaire for stroke registration, analysis of hemorrhagic stroke related risk factors. Results There were significant differences in age (P = 0.001), race (P = 0.010), smoking history (P = 0.003), alcohol consumption history (P = 0.026), history of hypertension (P = 0.001), history of diabetes mellitus (P = 0.012), history of hyperlipidemia (P = 0.014) and other factors were risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke. Among them, age (P = 0.001) , History of hypertension (P = 0.000), history of diabetes (P = 0.027) and history of hyperlipidemia (P = 0.002) were independent risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke. Hypertension (OR = 4.471) Stroke has the biggest impact. The prevalence of smoking and drinking in Uigur patients was significantly lower than that in Han (P <0.001), while the prevalence of hyperlipidemia was higher than that in Han (P = 0.023). Conclusions Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, age, alcohol consumption, smoking and diabetes mellitus are common risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke. The differences between Uygur and Han nationality may be closely related to genes and dietary habits. By controlling blood pressure and blood lipid, , To change the bad habits of life and diet, to strengthen measures such as exercise is conducive to the prevention of hemorrhagic stroke.