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应用巢式聚合酶链反应技术，通过两种引物（共四对）分别对伤寒沙门氏菌鞭毛Ｈ和Ｖｉ抗原基因扩增，并用非伤寒沙门氏菌作对照。实验表明，两种基因的扩增产物均是特异的，Ｈ抗原基因引物仅对伤寒沙门氏菌鞭毛抗原基因扩增，Ｖｉ抗原基因引物对伤寒沙门氏菌和丙型副伤寒沙门氏菌Ｖｉ抗原基因扩增，余均为阴性。扩增Ｖｉ抗原基因比扩增Ｈ抗原基因敏感，当反应体系中达０．５个菌细胞时，Ｖｉ抗原基因就可检出，而鞭毛抗原基因则需５个菌细胞。检测９２例伤寒患者血液标本，血培养阳性２８例（３０．４３％），巢式ＰＣＲ检测Ｖｉ抗原基因阳性３３例（３５．８６％），Ｈ抗原基因阳性３１例（３３．７０％）。伤寒发病早期，当机体伤寒特异性抗体尚处于低水平时，应用巢式ＰＣＲ检测Ｖｉ抗原基因，可提高伤寒的诊断率，使该病得到早期治疗
Using Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), the H and Vi antigens of flagellum Salmonella typhi were amplified by two primers (four pairs in total), respectively. The non-typhoid Salmonella was used as a control. The results showed that the amplified products of the two genes were all specific. The H antigen gene primers only amplified the flagellar antigen of Salmonella typhi, Vi gene primer pairs of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi Vi antigen, Negative. The amplified Vi antigen gene is more sensitive than the amplified H antigen gene. When there are 0.5 bacterial cells in the reaction system, the Vi antigen gene can be detected, while the flagellar antigen gene needs 5 bacterial cells. Blood samples from 92 patients with typhoid fever were detected in 28 blood samples (30.43%), 33 (35.86%) positive for Vi antigen by nested PCR and 31 (33.70%) for H antigen. Early typhoid fever, when the specific typhoid antibody is still low, the use of nested PCR detection of Vi antigen gene can improve the diagnosis of typhoid fever, the disease was treated early