在现代日语中,“ヒト”一词不仅只有“人类”这一含义。在实际运用中,根据语境的不同含义不同,既有“他人”的意思,又有说话者本身即“我”的意思。本文首先对“ヒト”在句子中所指代的对象即指示用法进行整理、分类;然后在此基础上,对“ヒト”作为自称、对称、他称用法的成立条件,与人称代词的区别这两方面加以具体的叙述。 In modern Japanese, the word “ヒト” does not only mean “human”. In actual use, according to the different meanings of the context, there is the meaning of “other” and the meaning of “I” for the speaker itself. This article first categorizes and classifies the objects indicated in the sentence by “ヒト”; then, on this basis, it regards “ヒト” as a condition for self-reputation, symmetry, and the use of personal pronouns. The difference between these two aspects is specifically described.