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目的 研究早期生长反应基因 1(Egr 1基因 )和Bcl XL蛋白在人食管癌变过程中的表达及与细胞凋亡的关系。方法 应用原位杂交、免疫组织化学和TUNEL法检测 6 6例食管鳞状细胞癌及癌旁粘膜、上切缘粘膜中Egr 1mRNA和蛋白、凋亡相关蛋白Bcl XL和原位细胞凋亡。结果 食管上皮和食管癌细胞Egr 1基因原位杂交、Bcl XL蛋白免疫组化阳性物定位于细胞浆 ,Egr 1蛋白免疫组化阳性产物、TUNEL法阳性信号定位于细胞核。在食管癌变过程中 ,细胞凋亡发生率和凋亡指数逐渐升高 ;Egr 1mRNA及蛋白在食管粘膜上皮非典型增生中呈高表达。在癌组织 ,Egr 1阳性表达时凋亡指数显著高于其阴性表达 ;而Bcl XL阳性表达时凋亡指数显著低于其阴性表达。结论 细胞凋亡发生在食管癌变的全过程。Egr 1mRNA和蛋白在食管癌前病变呈高表达 ;Egr 1阳性鳞癌的凋亡指数显著升高 ;Egr 1有促进凋亡的作用。Egr 1的表达和细胞凋亡在食管癌变过程中可能有重要生物学意义。
Objective To study the expression of Egr 1 gene and Bcl XL protein in human esophageal carcinogenesis and its relationship with apoptosis. Methods In situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and TUNEL were used to detect Egr 1 mRNA and protein, apoptosis-related protein Bcl XL and in situ cell apoptosis in 6 6 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent non-cancerous mucosa. Results The Egr 1 gene in esophageal epithelial cells and esophageal cancer cells were in situ hybridized. The positive expression of Bcl XL protein was localized in the cytoplasm. Egr 1 protein was positive for immunohistochemistry. TUNEL positive signal was located in the nucleus. In esophageal carcinogenesis, the incidence of apoptosis and apoptosis index gradually increased; Egr 1 mRNA and protein were highly expressed in esophageal epithelial atypical hyperplasia. The apoptosis index of Egr-1 positive cells was significantly higher than that of Egr-1 cells in cancer tissues, while the apoptotic index of Bcl-XL positive cells was significantly lower than that of negative cells. Conclusion Apoptosis occurs in the whole process of esophageal cancer. Egr 1 mRNA and protein were highly expressed in esophageal precancerous lesions; Egr 1 positive squamous cell carcinoma apoptosis index was significantly increased; Egr 1 can promote apoptosis. Egr 1 expression and apoptosis may have important biological significance in the carcinogenesis of esophagus.