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针对纯电动汽车锂离子电池,建立了二自由度集中参数电池热模型,结合汽车行驶动力学模型,得到了电动汽车实际运行工况下电池的实时热响应模型。通过混合动力脉冲能力特性试验获得了电池热模型的参数,分析不同运行工况下电池的热响应,提出了基于加权比例积分微分法的再生制动控制策略。在满足制动安全性的前提下,通过调节电机制动力分配系数来实现电池充电电流的主动控制,从而控制生热源。在典型循环工况下,对比分析了再生制动控制策略与传统制动控制方案的电池热响应。分析结果表明:再生制动对电池的温升产生一定影响,汽车运行工况中再生制动的比例越大,电池温升越快;再生制动控制方案能够有效地调节充电电流幅值,在美国激进高速循环工况的长下坡条件下,电池的最高温度比传统制动控制方案降低了2℃,电池荷电量提高了10%,因此,再生制动控制策略能在确保能量回收的同时兼顾电池温升的主动控制。
In this paper, a two-degree-of-freedom battery thermal model is established for lithium-ion batteries of pure electric vehicles. The real-time thermal response model of the battery under actual operating conditions is obtained according to the driving dynamics model of the vehicle. The parameters of the battery thermal model are obtained through the hybrid impulse capability test. The thermal response of the battery under different operating conditions is analyzed. A regenerative braking control strategy based on weighted proportional integral differential method is proposed. Under the premise of meeting the brake safety, the active control of the battery charge current can be achieved by adjusting the braking force distribution coefficient of the motor to control the heat source. Under the typical cycling conditions, the battery thermal response of the regenerative braking control strategy and the traditional braking control scheme is comparatively analyzed. The results show that regenerative braking has a certain impact on the temperature rise of the battery. The greater the proportion of regenerative braking in the vehicle operating condition, the faster the battery temperature rise. The regenerative braking control scheme can effectively adjust the charging current amplitude. Under the condition of long-term descent in American high-speed cycling condition, the maximum temperature of the battery is reduced by 2 ℃ than the traditional brake control scheme and the battery charge is increased by 10%. Therefore, the regenerative braking control strategy can ensure energy recovery Taking into account the active control of battery temperature rise.