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从事英语教学很多年,发现学生经常会对以not为中心的句子在理解上出现偏差,从而导致失分。其实这类句子具有一定的句子结构,经常和某些副词、形容词、代词或某些词组搭配使用,表示各种不同的含义。下面我就一些常见的结构小结如下:
1 not + all/both/everything/everyone/always/quite~~表示部分否定,译为“并非所有、并非”
Not all of us agree with you 我们并非都赞成你。
All of us don’t agree with you
Not every novel of hers is a best-seller. 并非每一本小说都很畅销。
John study harder,but it’s not always so. John 并非总是很努力的。
2 not A but B “不是。。而是。。。”在这种结构中,否定和肯定并列的时候,否定在前就用but
She likes not in Chinese stories but in English ones 她喜欢的不是中文故事,而是英文。
What we care about is not the money but the time it will take.我们所在乎的不是金钱而是所需要的时间。
3 B , (and )not A “是B 不是A ” 肯定语气在前就用and, 而且经常省略
She likes English, and not Japanese. 她喜欢英语,而不是日文。
It is important for us to make full use of it,and not to waste it.最重要的事情是要好好利用他,而不是浪费它。
4 否定句+ but 没有不~ but表示否定意义的关系代词
There is no one but knows the secret. 无人不知其中奥秘。
I can’t choose but wait for the rescue 我不得不等救援。
5 never …but that…“如果。。。的话,一定。。。”
It never rains but it has a heavy rain.如果下雨的话,一定是大雨。
Mr wang is never angry but he is fury如果生气的话,一定是大发雷霆。
6 not so …but that…/not such a…but that…“没有到。。。。程度,而不能。。。”but 意为否定
The teacher was not such a fool but he knew it 这老师没有笨到不知道那件事的程度。
Mrs Smith was not so sick but he could go to school他没有病到不能上课的程度。
7 can’t …too…“再。。。。也不为过”
You can’t be too careful when crossing the road 过马路时,再怎么小心也不为过。
I can hardly thank him too much 我怎么谢他都不为过。
8 not… untill “直到。。。才。。。。”
I didn’t understand it until I became a father 直到我为人父才明白。
They can never return to their homeland untill the war was over. 知道战争结束,他们才回国。
9 no more…than…“和。。。一样的不。。。”
He is no more careful than you 他和你一样的不仔细。
Tom is no more diligent than his brother 汤姆和他弟弟一样不勤奋。
10 not more…than “ 不如。。。”
He is not more careful than you 他不如你仔细。
Tom is not more diligent than his brother 汤姆不如他弟弟勤奋。
11 no more than 仅仅
It is no more than a reference book 它仅仅是一本参考书。
There is room for no more than three cars. 这地方只能停放三辆车。
12 not so much …as…“与其。。。不如。。。”
He is not so much a scholar as a writer. 与其说他是个学者,不如说是个作家。
It’s not so much a hobby as a career. 这与其说是消遣,不如说是职业。
13 Not so much as…“连。。。。都不”
He can’t so much as write his own name 他甚至连他的名字都不会写。
Off she went without so much as a “goodbye”.她连声再见都没有说就走了。
14 not…because..不因。。。而。。。
Don’t give it up because it is difficult 不要因为苦难而放弃这想法。
15 not only….but also 不但….而且…
Not only did he make mistakes, but also he refused to admit it.他不仅犯了错误,而且他拒绝承认错误。
Women are not only allowed to take part, but also play an important part in the Olympics. 妇女不仅被允许参加,而且在奥运会中起着很重要的作用。
通过以上的分析可以看出,同学们不能用自己的思维定势而想当然的理解和翻译这些句子,否则就会犯形式主义的错误。当遇见这样类型句子的时候,同学们应该谨慎对待,多想想以上的这些总结,然后对号入座,这样就会很轻易地攻克这些堡垒。同时,同学们还应该记住一点:实践出真知。这就要求同学们在平时练习中要注意对这样题型的积累、辨析,因为只有这样才能在遇见这类试题的时候不慌不忙,从容应对。
1 not + all/both/everything/everyone/always/quite~~表示部分否定,译为“并非所有、并非”
Not all of us agree with you 我们并非都赞成你。
All of us don’t agree with you
Not every novel of hers is a best-seller. 并非每一本小说都很畅销。
John study harder,but it’s not always so. John 并非总是很努力的。
2 not A but B “不是。。而是。。。”在这种结构中,否定和肯定并列的时候,否定在前就用but
She likes not in Chinese stories but in English ones 她喜欢的不是中文故事,而是英文。
What we care about is not the money but the time it will take.我们所在乎的不是金钱而是所需要的时间。
3 B , (and )not A “是B 不是A ” 肯定语气在前就用and, 而且经常省略
She likes English, and not Japanese. 她喜欢英语,而不是日文。
It is important for us to make full use of it,and not to waste it.最重要的事情是要好好利用他,而不是浪费它。
4 否定句+ but 没有不~ but表示否定意义的关系代词
There is no one but knows the secret. 无人不知其中奥秘。
I can’t choose but wait for the rescue 我不得不等救援。
5 never …but that…“如果。。。的话,一定。。。”
It never rains but it has a heavy rain.如果下雨的话,一定是大雨。
Mr wang is never angry but he is fury如果生气的话,一定是大发雷霆。
6 not so …but that…/not such a…but that…“没有到。。。。程度,而不能。。。”but 意为否定
The teacher was not such a fool but he knew it 这老师没有笨到不知道那件事的程度。
Mrs Smith was not so sick but he could go to school他没有病到不能上课的程度。
7 can’t …too…“再。。。。也不为过”
You can’t be too careful when crossing the road 过马路时,再怎么小心也不为过。
I can hardly thank him too much 我怎么谢他都不为过。
8 not… untill “直到。。。才。。。。”
I didn’t understand it until I became a father 直到我为人父才明白。
They can never return to their homeland untill the war was over. 知道战争结束,他们才回国。
9 no more…than…“和。。。一样的不。。。”
He is no more careful than you 他和你一样的不仔细。
Tom is no more diligent than his brother 汤姆和他弟弟一样不勤奋。
10 not more…than “ 不如。。。”
He is not more careful than you 他不如你仔细。
Tom is not more diligent than his brother 汤姆不如他弟弟勤奋。
11 no more than 仅仅
It is no more than a reference book 它仅仅是一本参考书。
There is room for no more than three cars. 这地方只能停放三辆车。
12 not so much …as…“与其。。。不如。。。”
He is not so much a scholar as a writer. 与其说他是个学者,不如说是个作家。
It’s not so much a hobby as a career. 这与其说是消遣,不如说是职业。
13 Not so much as…“连。。。。都不”
He can’t so much as write his own name 他甚至连他的名字都不会写。
Off she went without so much as a “goodbye”.她连声再见都没有说就走了。
14 not…because..不因。。。而。。。
Don’t give it up because it is difficult 不要因为苦难而放弃这想法。
15 not only….but also 不但….而且…
Not only did he make mistakes, but also he refused to admit it.他不仅犯了错误,而且他拒绝承认错误。
Women are not only allowed to take part, but also play an important part in the Olympics. 妇女不仅被允许参加,而且在奥运会中起着很重要的作用。
通过以上的分析可以看出,同学们不能用自己的思维定势而想当然的理解和翻译这些句子,否则就会犯形式主义的错误。当遇见这样类型句子的时候,同学们应该谨慎对待,多想想以上的这些总结,然后对号入座,这样就会很轻易地攻克这些堡垒。同时,同学们还应该记住一点:实践出真知。这就要求同学们在平时练习中要注意对这样题型的积累、辨析,因为只有这样才能在遇见这类试题的时候不慌不忙,从容应对。