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目的通过哨点医院食源性疾病的主动监测,搜索散发的食源性疾病病例和食品污染线索,提高食源性疾病的预警与防控能力。方法对符合监测病例定义的门诊和住院病例进行监测,采集粪便或肛拭子取样送检,检测方法按《食源性疾病监测手册》中的规定方法检测沙门氏菌、致泻大肠埃希氏菌、志贺菌、副溶血性弧菌、诺如病毒。结果 2013-2015年6家哨点医院上报监测病例3 056例,有明确暴露食物史占61.44%,餐饮食品占33.47%,小包装及散装食品占35.0%,监测病例中腹泻96.98%、腹痛58.98%、恶心48.26%、呕吐44.26%、发热42.77%。检测样本2 401份,检出致病菌和病毒247株,总的检出率10.28%,致泻大肠埃希菌检出率最高12.77%,其次是副溶血性弧菌检出率11.22%,诺茹病毒检出率较低6.07%。结论餐饮食品和小包装及散装食品微生物污染是家庭食源性疾病的主要原因,餐饮食品在夏季是食源性疾病监测的重点食品,监督部门要重点加强监督管理工作。
Objective To detect foodborne diseases and food contamination clues sent by sentinel hospital through active monitoring of foodborne diseases so as to improve the ability of early warning and prevention of foodborne diseases. Methods Outpatients and inpatient cases meeting the definition of surveillance cases were monitored. Samples of feces or anal swabs were collected for sampling. Salmonella, diarrhea and Escherichia coli were detected according to the method of Foodborne Disease Surveillance Manual, Shigella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Norovirus. Results There were 3 056 surveillance cases reported in 6 sentinel hospitals between 2013 and 2015, with a clear history of exposure to food accounting for 61.44%, catering food accounting for 33.47%, small package and bulk food accounting for 35.0%, monitoring cases of diarrhea 96.98% and abdominal pain 58.98 %, Nausea 48.26%, vomiting 44.26%, fever 42.77%. A total of 2 401 samples were detected and 247 pathogens and viruses were detected. The overall detection rate was 10.28%, the highest detection rate of diarrhea Escherichia coli was 12.77%, followed by the detection rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus 11.22% The detection rate of Norovirus is lower 6.07%. Conclusion The micro-contamination of foodstuffs, small packs and bulk foods is the main reason of food-borne illness in the family. Catering foodstuffs are the key foodstuffs in the monitoring of food-borne diseases in summer, and the supervision department should strengthen the supervision and management.