对意大利来说,1945年不仅意味着一场灾难深重的悲剧性战争的结束,也是持续二十余年之久的法西斯独裁统治的终结。随着根本性改革的实施,1945年也是意大利的一个新的历史时期的开始。在意大利,尤其是近几年来,关于法西斯主义对意大利文化(包括哲学)的影响究竟有多深,人们议论颇多。有些人,如贝纳戴托·克罗齐认 For Italy, 1945 not only meant the end of a tragic catastrophic war but also the end of the fascist dictatorship that lasted for more than 20 years. With the implementation of fundamental reforms, 1945 is also the beginning of a new historical period in Italy. In Italy, and especially in recent years, there has been a lot of talk about how deeply fascism has affected Italian culture (including philosophy). Some, like Bernardo Croce