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目的:总结肺放线菌病的临床特征及预后，提高临床医生对该病的认识。方法:回顾性分析2013年1月至2019年12月在我院确诊的32例肺放线菌病患者的临床特征、辅助检查、治疗和转归。结果:男19例，女13例，年龄16~76岁，平均为（58±12）岁；50岁以上20例。26例伴有基础疾病，16例有吸烟史。8例经胸外科手术后确诊：男5例，女3例，年龄41~58岁，平均为（48±8）岁；5例有基础疾病。24例未行胸外科手术，男14例，女10例，年龄16~76岁，平均为（54±14）岁，19例有基础疾病。32例中咳嗽25例，咳痰21例，发热16例。ESR为2~114 mm/1 h,平均为（28±31） mm/1 h，15例>20 mm/1 h。C反应蛋白为1~116 mg/L，平均为（28±45） mg/L，16例>8 mg/L。胸部CT以局灶实变影（18例）、团块影或结节影（12例）常见。手术的患者中只有1例患者发热，非手术的患者中有11例，两者比较差异有统计学意义（n P20 mm/1 h) in 15 cases. The C-reactive protein (CRP) ranged from 1 to 116 mg/L, with a mean value of (28±45) mg/L. The CRP was elevated (>8 mg/L) in 16 cases. Localized air-space consolidation (18 cases), pulmonary mass or nodules (16 cases) were the common chest CT manifestations. When compared with non-surgical cases, fever was the sole characteristic that was less common in cases with thoracic surgery (1 case in surgical groupn vs 11 cases in non-surgical group, n P<0.05). n Actinomyces spp. was found in 7 cases (87.5%) who received thoracic surgery, in 16 (61.5%) specimens collected through bronchoscopy and in 10 (55.6%) sputum samples of good quality. All of our enrolled cases were administrated with oral antibiotics, and 14 cases were prescribed with intravenous antibiotics initially. Among them, 27 cases were administrated with more than one antibiotic. Penicillin, ampicillin and amoxillin were prescribed for 25 cases. Finally, 30 cases showed improvement or cure in our hospital.n Conclusions:Pulmonary actinomycosis tended to develop in aged patients with co-morbidities. Cough, expectoration, fever and localized air-space consolidation were the common clinical and radiological manifestations, respectively. Actinomyces spp. could be found more easily in the surgically resected tissues than other specimens. The prognosis of our enrolled cases was good after treatment with combined antibiotics.