异化是形式主义文学理论的重要内容之一,其意义就是偏离日常交流用语的范式。文学的异化就是通过系统地偏离习以为常的语言行为和表达方式来拓展理所当然的熟知世界,让读者以陌生和全新的视角重新审视和感悟它。异化的深刻内涵就是把熟悉和习惯的表达方式进行变形和扭曲,采用不同寻常的表达形式和符号,使司空见惯的人和物变得陌生而奇异,给读者以全新的知觉体验。霍桑在《红字》中巧妙地运用了陌生词、反讽、比喻、象 Alienation is one of the important contents of formalist literary theory, and its meaning is the paradigm deviating from the language of everyday communication. Literature alienation is to systematically deviate from accustomed to language behavior and expression to expand the well-known world, so that readers with a strange and new perspective to re-examine and comprehend it. The profound connotation of alienation is to distort and distort the familiar and customary expressions, using unusual expressions and symbols to make strangers and strangers unfamiliar to give readers a completely new perception experience. Hawthorne cleverly used strange words, ironies, metaphors and elephants in The Scarlet Letter