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作文既是高考英语试卷的重头戏，又是学生较为薄弱的一个环节，而且作文又是需要人工阅卷的两个题型之一，往往受阅卷老师主观影响很大。不过根据笔者的阅卷体验，考生完全可以通过一些非智力因素来提高自己的得分。只要考生基本功扎实，具备一定的写作技巧，熟悉高考作文的评分要求，必然能够取得一个理想的分数。笔者连续多年从事高三教学并参加高考阅卷，现把2008年阅卷的一些评分细则及部分优秀例文展示如下，希望对广大考生有所帮助。
2008年高考英语作文满分30分，总的原则是分六个档次酌情给分。评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。词数少于120的作文，从应得的分数中扣除2分。评分时应注意内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的多样性和准确性以及语言的连贯和得体。评分时应考虑拼写和标点符号的使用。如果书写较差，影响对写作内容的理解，将分数降低一个档次。除了这个总的原则，具体操作起来，阅卷领导小组又对各档次做了更为明确的评卷要求，笔者在此仅说一下对优秀作文的评分要求。优秀作文得分在26分以上，要求要点全面，紧扣主题，观点表达充分，能有效的使用连接手段，具备较强的书面表达能力。语言小错(拼写、标点等)不超过四个。由此可见，高考英语作文中要得到高分，考生除了要具备扎实的基本功，还要有一定的写作技巧，文章要有精彩之处，或者说要有一些亮点，体现出考生对语言的驾驭能力。要做到这一点并不容易，但考生可以从以下几个方面去努力。
一、用词要贴切而丰富，适当用一些有深度或难度的词汇或短语。
词汇是语言的建筑材料，文章的好坏，选词很关键。一篇优秀的文章在很大程度上是通过作者所运用的词汇来体现的，阅卷老师能从你的选词探知你是一个什么程度的学生，你的作文应该处于什么样的一个档次。在英语写作中，遣词一定要避免不必要的重复，如果用词重复，写出的句子往往单调乏味，文章没有感染力。用词多样化可以使句子表意生动，能增强文章的整体表达效果。
二、句式准确而且要灵活多变，善于运用复合句。
简单句用得太多，会造成文章读起来乏味。同样意思的内容，能够运用比较复杂的句式结构来表达，要比只会用简单句来表达要好，得分自然就高一些了。例如：在作文中可以使用适量的定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等，适量运用非谓语动词作定语或状语，巧用with复合结构、倒装句、感叹句、强调句、虚拟语气句等。高考评分标准强调使用语法结构的数量和复杂性，鼓励考生尽量使用较复杂的结构，并且对由此产生的错误采取了宽容的态度。如果能够恰当地运用各类从句，必然会使文章出彩。
三、巧用过渡词，使文章思路流畅、过渡自然。
恰当使用连接性的词语和句子，是使作文获得高分的一个重要因素。一篇好的文章不但要句子正确，要点齐全，更重要的是要有效地使用语句间的连接手段，从而使得文章如行云流水般顺畅，给人耳目一新的感觉。
下面笔者就以山东卷为例来看一看什么样的文章才算是一篇优秀的文章。
附2008年山东卷英语作文及优秀作文例文及简评：
假设你是新华中学的学生张华，班里从外地转来一名同学李明，他一时无法融入新的班级体，感到很苦恼。请根据下列要点用英语给他写封信：
帮他分析原因
给他提出建议
陈述你帮助他的具体打算
注意：次数120-150
优秀例文一：
Dear Li Ming，
Welcome to our class!Judging from your puzzled expression，I can say that it’s difficult for you to adjust yourself to the new class，isn’t it? Now，cheer up and listen to me.
As far as I know，you left your hometown to study here，so you sometimes feel homesick.Besides，you might feel lonely since you are not familiar with the surrounding and people here.What’s more，the customs here might be different from those of your former school，am I right?
In my opinion，there is no point in worrying about these.What you should do is concentrating on your class and study.Then，try to be optimistic and out-going.Don’t hesitate to turn to your teachers and classmates.I’m sure that they are always pleased to help you out.
As far as I’m concerned，would you like me to show you around our school，and then play basketball for a while? In addition，I’d like to introduce some of my friends to you.
In a nutshell，please feel at home when you study here!
Best regards，
Zhang Hua
点评：这篇作文在试评的时候专家给了29分，应该算是一篇出色的文章。文中应用了大量的连接手段，过渡自然，行文流畅。在Judging from your puzzled expression，I can say that it’s difficult for you to adjust yourself to the new class，isn’t it?一句中应用了分词及it作形式宾语。文中还运用了许多优秀词汇和固定搭配，如： optimistic and out-going，be familiar with，There is no point in doing sth.，adjust oneself to sth.，concentrate on，In a nutshell等。
优秀例文二：
Dear Li Ming，
I’m sorry to learn that you have trouble in getting along well with the new class.So I hope I can give you a hand.
I think the biggest obstacle you meet with is yourself.You maybe regard yourself as a new comer and look down upon yourself.Besides，there may be some difficulty in language since you are not a native student.Thus you are too shy to communicate with classmates and teachers.
In terms of these，I’d like to offer you some suggestions.Firstly，you should try to get rid of the feelings of being frustrated and lonely.Secondly，you should learn to talk with others actively and take an active part in various activities.Only in this way can you build a good relationship with our classmates.As for me，I’ll encourage more students to study and play with you.Also，I can help you with your study and daily life.In a word，I’m ready to help you whenever you turn to me for help.
I’m firmly convinced that you will soon become a part of our class and you will enjoy it.
点评：作文中本来有一两处小错，笔者已经纠正了，当时这篇文章给了28分。总的来讲，这篇作文为一篇佳作，语法结构和词汇应用准确，句式灵活多样，如用到了倒装句： Only in this way can you build a good relationship with our classmates.定语从句： I think the biggest obstacle you meet with is yourself.状语从句： In a word，I’m ready to help you whenever you turn to me for help.文章中有效地运用了连接手段，全文结构紧凑。此外，obstacle，frustrated，convince等词的使用也在一定程度上体现了作者扎实的语言功底.
虽然全国各省市命题不一样，但是不管题材、体裁及评分要求如何不一，只要注意笔者文中谈到的几点建议，考生就不难在高考中取得一个满意的成绩。★
2008年高考英语作文满分30分，总的原则是分六个档次酌情给分。评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。词数少于120的作文，从应得的分数中扣除2分。评分时应注意内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的多样性和准确性以及语言的连贯和得体。评分时应考虑拼写和标点符号的使用。如果书写较差，影响对写作内容的理解，将分数降低一个档次。除了这个总的原则，具体操作起来，阅卷领导小组又对各档次做了更为明确的评卷要求，笔者在此仅说一下对优秀作文的评分要求。优秀作文得分在26分以上，要求要点全面，紧扣主题，观点表达充分，能有效的使用连接手段，具备较强的书面表达能力。语言小错(拼写、标点等)不超过四个。由此可见，高考英语作文中要得到高分，考生除了要具备扎实的基本功，还要有一定的写作技巧，文章要有精彩之处，或者说要有一些亮点，体现出考生对语言的驾驭能力。要做到这一点并不容易，但考生可以从以下几个方面去努力。
一、用词要贴切而丰富，适当用一些有深度或难度的词汇或短语。
词汇是语言的建筑材料，文章的好坏，选词很关键。一篇优秀的文章在很大程度上是通过作者所运用的词汇来体现的，阅卷老师能从你的选词探知你是一个什么程度的学生，你的作文应该处于什么样的一个档次。在英语写作中，遣词一定要避免不必要的重复，如果用词重复，写出的句子往往单调乏味，文章没有感染力。用词多样化可以使句子表意生动，能增强文章的整体表达效果。
二、句式准确而且要灵活多变，善于运用复合句。
简单句用得太多，会造成文章读起来乏味。同样意思的内容，能够运用比较复杂的句式结构来表达，要比只会用简单句来表达要好，得分自然就高一些了。例如：在作文中可以使用适量的定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等，适量运用非谓语动词作定语或状语，巧用with复合结构、倒装句、感叹句、强调句、虚拟语气句等。高考评分标准强调使用语法结构的数量和复杂性，鼓励考生尽量使用较复杂的结构，并且对由此产生的错误采取了宽容的态度。如果能够恰当地运用各类从句，必然会使文章出彩。
三、巧用过渡词，使文章思路流畅、过渡自然。
恰当使用连接性的词语和句子，是使作文获得高分的一个重要因素。一篇好的文章不但要句子正确，要点齐全，更重要的是要有效地使用语句间的连接手段，从而使得文章如行云流水般顺畅，给人耳目一新的感觉。
下面笔者就以山东卷为例来看一看什么样的文章才算是一篇优秀的文章。
附2008年山东卷英语作文及优秀作文例文及简评：
假设你是新华中学的学生张华，班里从外地转来一名同学李明，他一时无法融入新的班级体，感到很苦恼。请根据下列要点用英语给他写封信：
帮他分析原因
给他提出建议
陈述你帮助他的具体打算
注意：次数120-150
优秀例文一：
Dear Li Ming，
Welcome to our class!Judging from your puzzled expression，I can say that it’s difficult for you to adjust yourself to the new class，isn’t it? Now，cheer up and listen to me.
As far as I know，you left your hometown to study here，so you sometimes feel homesick.Besides，you might feel lonely since you are not familiar with the surrounding and people here.What’s more，the customs here might be different from those of your former school，am I right?
In my opinion，there is no point in worrying about these.What you should do is concentrating on your class and study.Then，try to be optimistic and out-going.Don’t hesitate to turn to your teachers and classmates.I’m sure that they are always pleased to help you out.
As far as I’m concerned，would you like me to show you around our school，and then play basketball for a while? In addition，I’d like to introduce some of my friends to you.
In a nutshell，please feel at home when you study here!
Best regards，
Zhang Hua
点评：这篇作文在试评的时候专家给了29分，应该算是一篇出色的文章。文中应用了大量的连接手段，过渡自然，行文流畅。在Judging from your puzzled expression，I can say that it’s difficult for you to adjust yourself to the new class，isn’t it?一句中应用了分词及it作形式宾语。文中还运用了许多优秀词汇和固定搭配，如： optimistic and out-going，be familiar with，There is no point in doing sth.，adjust oneself to sth.，concentrate on，In a nutshell等。
优秀例文二：
Dear Li Ming，
I’m sorry to learn that you have trouble in getting along well with the new class.So I hope I can give you a hand.
I think the biggest obstacle you meet with is yourself.You maybe regard yourself as a new comer and look down upon yourself.Besides，there may be some difficulty in language since you are not a native student.Thus you are too shy to communicate with classmates and teachers.
In terms of these，I’d like to offer you some suggestions.Firstly，you should try to get rid of the feelings of being frustrated and lonely.Secondly，you should learn to talk with others actively and take an active part in various activities.Only in this way can you build a good relationship with our classmates.As for me，I’ll encourage more students to study and play with you.Also，I can help you with your study and daily life.In a word，I’m ready to help you whenever you turn to me for help.
I’m firmly convinced that you will soon become a part of our class and you will enjoy it.
点评：作文中本来有一两处小错，笔者已经纠正了，当时这篇文章给了28分。总的来讲，这篇作文为一篇佳作，语法结构和词汇应用准确，句式灵活多样，如用到了倒装句： Only in this way can you build a good relationship with our classmates.定语从句： I think the biggest obstacle you meet with is yourself.状语从句： In a word，I’m ready to help you whenever you turn to me for help.文章中有效地运用了连接手段，全文结构紧凑。此外，obstacle，frustrated，convince等词的使用也在一定程度上体现了作者扎实的语言功底.
虽然全国各省市命题不一样，但是不管题材、体裁及评分要求如何不一，只要注意笔者文中谈到的几点建议，考生就不难在高考中取得一个满意的成绩。★