由于社会历史、文化生活、风俗习惯等差异,汉语及民族语言在不同地区都出现了分化,形成了各种地区方言,如彝族方言、傣族方言、藏族方言等。方言是语言的变体,虽然同一共同语的不同方言在语法等方面基本保持一致,但是在词汇、语音等方面已有很大区别,因此不同方言在语用上也产生了差异。为了传承和发展民族文化,保持文化多样性,民族地区的语言学习者在方言学习上必须提高自身识别语境及驾驭语言的能力,即方言的语用能力。“最近发展区”理论着眼于学习者智力未来发展的潜力,提出了从学习者未来发展水平和现阶段的水平差距着手,有针对性地进行学习活动,对民族地区方言语用能力推进有很好的理论指导价值。 Due to social history, cultural life, customs and other differences, Chinese and national languages ​​have differentiated in different regions and formed various local dialects such as Yi dialect, Dai dialect and Tibetan dialect. Dialect is a variation of language. Although different dialects of the same common language are basically identical in grammar and other aspects, they have great differences in terms of vocabulary and pronunciation. Therefore, different dialects also have different pragmatic differences. In order to inherit and develop the national culture and maintain the cultural diversity, the language learners in the minority areas must improve their ability to recognize the context and control the language in dialect learning, that is, the pragmatic competence of the dialect. “The recent development zone ” theory focuses on the potential of learners’ intelligence development in the future, puts forward from the learner’s future level of development and the level of the current level of disparity, targeted learning activities, to promote the pragmatic competence of dialect in ethnic areas There is a good theoretical guide value.