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植被在边坡生态系统中有着非常重要的作用,具有涵养水源、保持水土的功能。选择四川省成昆铁路沿线不同坡向的土质路堑边坡和岩质路堑边坡,对边坡植物群落的植被类型及其结构特征、边坡植被恢复物种组成及其特征进行了调查研究。结果表明:铁路边坡自然定居物种共103种,隶属48科,全部植物中,常绿灌木2种,落叶灌木9种,藤本植物7种,1 a生草本20种,2 a或2 a以上草本植物49种;蕨类植物15种。群落物种的丰富度虽然较高,但是主要由草本植物构成,结构层次简单,应该适当的在边坡上栽植灌木或小乔木,形成坡面上乔、灌、草或草、灌相互映的群落景观。
Vegetation plays a very important role in the slope ecosystem and has the function of conserving water and maintaining soil and water. The soil cut slope and rock cut slope in different slopes along the Cheng-Kun railway in Sichuan Province were selected to study the vegetation types and structural features of the slope plant communities, the composition and characteristics of the vegetation species and its characteristics of slope vegetation restoration. The results showed that there were 103 species of natural settlements on railway slopes, belonging to 48 families. There were 2 species of evergreen shrubs, 9 species of deciduous shrubs, 7 species of liana, 20 species of 1 a herbaceous plants, 49 species of herbaceous plants and 15 species of ferns. Although the species richness of the community is relatively high, it is mainly composed of herbaceous plants with simple structure and should be suitably planted with shrubs or small trees on the slope to form the communities with the interaction of irrigation, landscape.