论文部分内容阅读
反意疑问句，又叫附加疑问句，主要由“陈述句+附加疑问”构成。附加疑问部分的动词一般要与陈述部分的动词保持一致，主语也要与陈述部分的主语相对应。如果陈述部分的主语是名词，附加疑问部分的主语要用相应的代词表示，这是一般规则。但是在实际会话中，还有很多特殊情况。本文现将英语交际中常见的一些特殊用法作一归纳。
一、当陈述部分的主语是everybody,everyone,somebody,someone,nobody,no one等不定代词时，附加疑问部分的主语多用they,有时用he
Everyone is ready,aren’t they？
Nobody except me knows Japanese in my school,do they？
Everybody does well in his English,doesn’t he？
二、如果陈述部分是one作主语，则疑问部分的主语在正式场合用one，在非正式场合用you，在美国英语和非正式场合时还可用he
One can’t be too careful,can one/can you？
One must do his best to help others,mustn’t he？
三、each of作主语时，如果表示“个别化”的概念，则疑问句的主语用单数，如果侧重“集体化”则用复数
Each of the graduates was presented with a diploma,wasn’t he？
Each of us put a dollar in the collection,didn’t we？
Each of the students passed the exam,didn’t they？
四、none of作主语时，若of后是不可数名词，疑问句的主语要用it，若of后是可数名词或代词，则应视情况分别用they,you或we
None of the money has been spent on repairs,has it？
None of the students failed in the exam，did they？
None of you arrived on time,did you？
五、如果陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时，疑问部分的主语用it；如果是these或those，疑问部分的主语用they
That’s a delicious mooncake,isn’t it？
These are not new machines,are they？
六、陈述句的主语是nothing，everything，something等时，疑问句的主语要用it
Something should be done to fright ag-
ainstpollution,shouldn’t it？
Nothing will make him give in,will it？
Nothing could make Hale turn against his country,could it？
七、在“祈使句+附加疑问句”中，附加疑问部分可用will you,won’t you,can you,can’t you,could you，这时陈述部分和疑问部分没有反意关系，而表示邀请、请求等
Don’t stand here,will you？
Have a cup of orange,won’t you？
Be more careful,can’t you？
但Let’s之后的附加疑问句用shall we。
Let’s make a birthday cake,shall we？
八、当陈述部分的主语是从句、不定式、动名词时，附加疑问部分要用it
What you need is more practice,isn’t it？
That they are friends is not true,is it？
Lifting weights will build arm and shoulder muscles,won’t it？
To learn English well isn’t easy,is it？
九、如果陈述部分有no,never,seldom,hardly,few,little,rarely,scar-
cely,nothing等否定词或半否定词，则疑问部分的动词用肯定形式
Few people believe her,do they？
They saw nobody that morning,did they？
He seldom looks at the traffic lights,does he？
但是如果陈述部分的否定词是由否定词缀构成的，则该反意疑问句的疑问部分仍用否定形式。
He is hopeless,isn’t he？
The emperer was undressed,wasn’t he？
十、陈述部分是I’m...时，疑问部分一般用aren’t I
I’m stronger than you,aren’t I？
十一、陈述部分是had better+v，疑问部分用hadn’t；陈述部分是had rather+v，疑问部分用wouldn’t
You’d better keep everything clean and tidy,hadn’t you？
He’d rather sit in the back row,wouldn’t he？
十二、如果陈述部分是一个带有that从句作宾语的复合句，则附加疑问部分的主谓与主句的主谓保持一致
He says he is honest,doesn’t he？
They don’t think you know anything about it,do they？
She doesn’t believe you have been to Hang Zhou,does she？
You know when the meeting will be held,don’t you？
当陈述部分的主句是I think,I believe,I suppose等时，附加疑问部分的主谓应与从句的主谓保持一致，同时注意否定转移。
I suppose the children picked many apples,didn’t they？
I don’t think you have known my telephone number,have you？
I guess she cooks supper herself,doesn’t she？
十三、当have表示“所有”含义时，附加疑问部分既可用have，也可用助动词do,did等的否定形式；当have不表示“所有”，而表示其他含义时，附加疑问部分用do,did等的否定形式
Lucy hasn’t much time to spare,does she/has she？
You had a good summer holiday,didn’t you？
She has to help Dad in the gardan,doesn’t she？
十四、陈述部分有情态动词ought to时，疑问部分英国人用oughtn’t，美国人用shouldn’t
Jim ought to be praised,oughtn’t he？
Meimei ought to tell him,shouldn’t she？
十五、陈述部分带情态动词used to时，疑问部分可用used或did的否定形式
The twins used to swim in winter,usedn’t they？
Bill used to get up early,didn’t he？
十六、如果陈述句中must表示“必须”，则附加疑问句中用mustn’t或needn’t；如果must表示“推测”，附加疑问句则应视must后的动词而定
One must serve the people heart and soul,mustn’t he？
He must be at home,isn’t he？
You must have done homework,haven’t you？
She must have washed her clothes this morning,didn’t she？
一、当陈述部分的主语是everybody,everyone,somebody,someone,nobody,no one等不定代词时，附加疑问部分的主语多用they,有时用he
Everyone is ready,aren’t they？
Nobody except me knows Japanese in my school,do they？
Everybody does well in his English,doesn’t he？
二、如果陈述部分是one作主语，则疑问部分的主语在正式场合用one，在非正式场合用you，在美国英语和非正式场合时还可用he
One can’t be too careful,can one/can you？
One must do his best to help others,mustn’t he？
三、each of作主语时，如果表示“个别化”的概念，则疑问句的主语用单数，如果侧重“集体化”则用复数
Each of the graduates was presented with a diploma,wasn’t he？
Each of us put a dollar in the collection,didn’t we？
Each of the students passed the exam,didn’t they？
四、none of作主语时，若of后是不可数名词，疑问句的主语要用it，若of后是可数名词或代词，则应视情况分别用they,you或we
None of the money has been spent on repairs,has it？
None of the students failed in the exam，did they？
None of you arrived on time,did you？
五、如果陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时，疑问部分的主语用it；如果是these或those，疑问部分的主语用they
That’s a delicious mooncake,isn’t it？
These are not new machines,are they？
六、陈述句的主语是nothing，everything，something等时，疑问句的主语要用it
Something should be done to fright ag-
ainstpollution,shouldn’t it？
Nothing will make him give in,will it？
Nothing could make Hale turn against his country,could it？
七、在“祈使句+附加疑问句”中，附加疑问部分可用will you,won’t you,can you,can’t you,could you，这时陈述部分和疑问部分没有反意关系，而表示邀请、请求等
Don’t stand here,will you？
Have a cup of orange,won’t you？
Be more careful,can’t you？
但Let’s之后的附加疑问句用shall we。
Let’s make a birthday cake,shall we？
八、当陈述部分的主语是从句、不定式、动名词时，附加疑问部分要用it
What you need is more practice,isn’t it？
That they are friends is not true,is it？
Lifting weights will build arm and shoulder muscles,won’t it？
To learn English well isn’t easy,is it？
九、如果陈述部分有no,never,seldom,hardly,few,little,rarely,scar-
cely,nothing等否定词或半否定词，则疑问部分的动词用肯定形式
Few people believe her,do they？
They saw nobody that morning,did they？
He seldom looks at the traffic lights,does he？
但是如果陈述部分的否定词是由否定词缀构成的，则该反意疑问句的疑问部分仍用否定形式。
He is hopeless,isn’t he？
The emperer was undressed,wasn’t he？
十、陈述部分是I’m...时，疑问部分一般用aren’t I
I’m stronger than you,aren’t I？
十一、陈述部分是had better+v，疑问部分用hadn’t；陈述部分是had rather+v，疑问部分用wouldn’t
You’d better keep everything clean and tidy,hadn’t you？
He’d rather sit in the back row,wouldn’t he？
十二、如果陈述部分是一个带有that从句作宾语的复合句，则附加疑问部分的主谓与主句的主谓保持一致
He says he is honest,doesn’t he？
They don’t think you know anything about it,do they？
She doesn’t believe you have been to Hang Zhou,does she？
You know when the meeting will be held,don’t you？
当陈述部分的主句是I think,I believe,I suppose等时，附加疑问部分的主谓应与从句的主谓保持一致，同时注意否定转移。
I suppose the children picked many apples,didn’t they？
I don’t think you have known my telephone number,have you？
I guess she cooks supper herself,doesn’t she？
十三、当have表示“所有”含义时，附加疑问部分既可用have，也可用助动词do,did等的否定形式；当have不表示“所有”，而表示其他含义时，附加疑问部分用do,did等的否定形式
Lucy hasn’t much time to spare,does she/has she？
You had a good summer holiday,didn’t you？
She has to help Dad in the gardan,doesn’t she？
十四、陈述部分有情态动词ought to时，疑问部分英国人用oughtn’t，美国人用shouldn’t
Jim ought to be praised,oughtn’t he？
Meimei ought to tell him,shouldn’t she？
十五、陈述部分带情态动词used to时，疑问部分可用used或did的否定形式
The twins used to swim in winter,usedn’t they？
Bill used to get up early,didn’t he？
十六、如果陈述句中must表示“必须”，则附加疑问句中用mustn’t或needn’t；如果must表示“推测”，附加疑问句则应视must后的动词而定
One must serve the people heart and soul,mustn’t he？
He must be at home,isn’t he？
You must have done homework,haven’t you？
She must have washed her clothes this morning,didn’t she？