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基础主义的理想可以说是哲学家的一种永远的“乡愁”。从柏拉图开始,基础主义者把这个根基设定为绝对的真理,近代的笛卡尔、康德等唯理论者是这一传统的后继者;培根及其后的洛克、实证主义者、分析哲学家在认识到唯理论的局限后,放弃了对绝对真理的追求,把这个根基设定为永恒的标准,命题可以变,但标准不变;在库恩的批判下,标准也成了不可通约的了,新历史主义者放弃了对永恒标准的追求,把这个根基设定为衡量标准好坏的标准,即元标准。基础主义者的目标日益在后退,最终无法避免滑向相对主义的怀抱。这是旧形而上学思维方式的必然结果。
The fundamentalist ideal can be said to be a philosopher’s forever nostalgia. Starting from Plato, the fundamentalists set this foundation as the absolute truth. The modern rationalists such as Descartes and Kant were the successors of this tradition. Bacon and the following Locke, positivists and analytic philosophers After recognizing the limitations of the theory of rationality, we gave up the pursuit of absolute truth and set this foundation as the eternal criterion. The proposition can be changed, but the standard remains unchanged. Under the Critique of Kuhn, the standard has become incommensurable New neo-historicists have given up their quest for eternal standards and set this foundation as a criterion for measuring standards, that is, meta-standards. The fundamentalists are increasingly retreating and ultimately can not avoid sliding into the arms of relativism. This is the inevitable result of the old metaphysical way of thinking.