在美国怀俄明州东北角的克鲁克县一片几乎平坦的土地上,矗立着一块巨石。这里是美国第一个国家纪念地——魔鬼塔。魔鬼塔高264米,其早期是一座火山,后来周遭的山壁被侵蚀,只留下坚硬的玄武岩火山颈。魔鬼塔大约形成于5000万年前,当时怀俄明州还位于海平面下,沉积了诸如砂岩、石灰岩、页岩和石膏等沉积岩层。同时,来自地壳深处的压力迫使岩浆侵入沉积岩,岩浆便开始冷却结晶。与此同时,收缩、 In the almost flat land of Crook County in the northeast corner of Wyoming, USA, a huge stone stands. This is the United States’ first national monument, the Devils Tower. The Devils Tower is 264 meters high. It was a volcano in the early days. Later, the surrounding mountain walls were eroded, leaving only the hard basalt volcanic neck. The Devils Tower was formed about 50 million years ago, when Wyoming was still below sea level and deposited sedimentary rock layers such as sandstone, limestone, shale, and gypsum. At the same time, pressure from deep in the earth’s crust forces magma to invade sedimentary rocks, and magma begins to cool and crystallize. At the same time, shrinking,