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学习文言文主要是理解和掌握不同于现代汉语的地方。其中,文言虚词与现代汉语虚词差别很大,且使用频繁,用法复杂。现就初一第一册语文课本中的几篇文言文来谈一谈“之、乎、者、也”这几个我们常挂嘴边的文言虚词的基本用法。一、“之”“之”字在文言文中常用作代词、助词,有时也用作动词。1.作代词“之”作为代词,指代范围相当广泛,可代人、事、物。译为现代文时可根据指代情况、句子内容灵活掌握。例如: ①子曰:“学而时习之,不亦说乎?”(《论语》十则)
Learning classical Chinese is mainly about understanding and mastering different places from modern Chinese. Among them, the difference between classical words and modern Chinese words is very different, and they are used frequently and their usage is complicated. Now I will talk about the basic usages of the words of “Zi, Zi, Zi, Ye” which we frequently use in the first classical Chinese textbooks. First, the words “zhizhi” and “zizhi” are often used as pronouns, auxiliaries and sometimes verbs in classical Chinese. 1. The pronoun “zhi” is used as a pronoun. It refers to a very wide range of people, things, and things. When translated into modern texts, it can be flexibly grasped according to the conditions and sentence content. For example: 1 Child: “Learning to learn it, why not say it?” (ten in the Analects)