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目的了解北京市学生身体素质变化情况,为改善学校体育卫生工作,增强学生体质健康水平提供依据。方法利用1991-2010年北京市学生体质调研数据,对9～22岁青少年身体功能与运动素质变化情况进行分析。结果 20 a来北京市学生肺活量水平有所改善,城市和乡村之间发展不平衡,城市中小学生生肺活量水平呈上升趋势,农村明显下降;大学生城市男、女生明显上升,而乡村却略有下降。北京市7～22岁学生速度素质和耐力素质整体水平下降,下降幅度大学大于中小学,城市大于乡村;1991-2000年的10 a城市和乡村降幅不明显,而2000-2010年的10 a降幅较大。北京市中小学生的爆发力城市要好于乡村,表现出城市上升、乡村下降及大学生整体水平下降。北京市7～22岁男生的肌力素质城市和乡村整体水平下降,尤其7～12岁乡村下降明显;女生的肌力水平城市下降,乡村上升,乡村好于城市。7～22岁青少年身体的柔韧性城市上升、乡村下降。结论北京市7～22岁大、中、小学生的身体功能、素质各项指标不容乐观,应当引起相关部门的足够重视。
Objective To understand the changes of physical fitness of students in Beijing, and to provide basis for improving physical health education in schools and enhancing their physical fitness. Methods The data of physical fitness of Beijing students from 1991 to 2010 were used to analyze the changes of physical function and motor quality of 9-22-year-old adolescents. Results In the past 20 years, the lung capacity of students in Beijing has been improved. The imbalance between urban and rural development has been observed. The lung capacity of primary and secondary school students in urban areas has been on an upward trend, while that of rural students has dropped markedly. The male and female students in urban universities have risen significantly while the rural areas have declined slightly . The overall quality and endurance quality of students aged 7 to 22 years in Beijing decreased. The declining rate was greater in universities than in primary and secondary schools and in cities more than in rural areas. The declines in 10 years of urban and rural areas in 1991-2000 were not obvious, while the decreases in 10 years in 2000-2010 Larger. Beijing’s elementary and secondary school students’ explosive cities are better than the rural areas, showing an increase in cities, a drop in villages and a drop in the overall level of undergraduates. Beijing city 7 to 22-year-old boys ’overall strength of urban and rural areas decreased, especially in rural areas aged 7 to 12 decreased significantly; girls’ strength decreased in urban areas, rural areas rose, rural areas were better than urban areas. 7-22-year-old adolescent body of the city of the rise of flexibility, rural decline. Conclusion The indexes of body function and quality of 7-22-year-old primary and secondary school students in Beijing can not be optimistic and should be paid enough attention by relevant departments.