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以事实为根据,以法律为准绳,是我国司法中的一项基本原则。该原则在个案中具体化时可能会遇到困境。在刑事司法活动中,刑事案件的事实是被事实裁判者创造出来的,评价事实的刑事法律是被解释出来的。作为根据的刑事案件事实认定和作为准绳的刑事法律解释都必然要受到裁判事实主体和法律解释主体主观因素的影响。当犯罪事实认定和适用刑事法律的正确性因为这种主观因素的影响而受到质疑时,疑罪问题就会产生,对疑罪问题的研究之关键,在于确定疑罪的语境。刑事司法三段论是定罪过程中的基本推理模式,但因为疑罪问题的存在已经使刑事司法三段论陷入危机之中。在确定小前题的过程中,可能会出现事实疑罪,其中包括客观疑罪和主观疑罪。在确定大前题的过程中,可能出现法律疑罪。刑法条文中概念的模糊性,刑法理论的竞争性,具体事实与刑法条文的相互作用是法律疑罪产生的根本原因。
Based on facts and taking the law as the criterion, it is a basic principle in our country’s judiciary. This principle may encounter difficulties when it is embodied in the case. In criminal justice activities, the facts of criminal cases are created by the fact judges, and the criminal laws that evaluate the facts are explained. As the basis of the criminal case, the fact that the criminal law as the yardstick and the interpretation must be subject to the subjective and legal interpretation of the main subjective factors. When the correctness of criminal facts and the application of criminal law are questioned due to the influence of such subjective factors, the problem of suspect crimes will arise. The key to the study of the problem of suspects lies in the determination of the context of crimes. The syllogism of criminal justice is the basic mode of reasoning in the process of conviction, but because of the existence of the crime of doubt, the syllogism of criminal justice has been put into crisis. In the process of identifying small issues, there may be factual suspicions, including objective and subjective suspects. In determining the big problem in the process, there may be legal doubt. The ambiguity of concepts in criminal law provisions, the competitiveness of criminal law theories, and the interaction between specific facts and criminal law provisions are the root causes of legal suspicion.