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目的探讨大学生非形式推理特点。方法以结构不良问题为论题,运用实验法和临床访谈法测量辩手和非辩手的非形式推理能力。结果辩手和非辩手对各类推理结构的应用比例有显著的差异,辩手所给出的我方理由、他方理由和他方理由反驳数量显著多于非辩手;二者都存在着我方偏差,但我方偏差指数无显著差异;除可靠性外,辩手在推理内容的独创性和批判性上的得分都显著高于非辩手,非辩手的概念表征错误和推理中断显著多于辩手;辩手给出的理由、关系和结论反驳数量显著多于非辩手。结论普通大学生的非形式推理水平要低于大学生辩手,组织大学生参加对有争议问题的辩论或讨论活动是提高学生非形式推理能力的有效途径。
Objective To explore the characteristics of non-formal reasoning in college students. Methods Taking the problem of structural dysfunction as a subject, this study measured the non-formal reasoning abilities of debaters and non-debaters by using the experimental method and the clinical interview method. As a result, there are significant differences in the proportion of debaters and non-debaters in the application of various types of inference structures. The reasons given by the debaters are significantly higher than that of non-defamers in the arguments of other parties and other parties. Both of them have me Square deviations, but there was no significant difference in our bias index. In addition to reliability, the debaters ’score of originality and criticality of inference contents were significantly higher than that of non-debaters, and the non-debaters’ conceptual representation errors and reasoning discontinuities were significant More than the debaters; the arguments, arguments and conclusions given by the debaters significantly outnumbered the non-debaters. Conclusion The level of non-formal reasoning among undergraduates is lower than that of undergraduates. It is an effective way to organize undergraduates to debate or discuss controversial issues in order to improve students’ non-formal reasoning ability.