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目的分析杭州市空巢老人的健康相关生命质量及其影响因素,为空巢老人健康养老提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样法抽取杭州市2个城区(拱墅和上城)和3个郊县(淳安、建德和临安)各200名空巢老人进行欧洲五维度健康量表(EQ-5D)问卷调查,根据量表得分分析其健康相关生命质量及影响因素。结果共调查992名空巢老人,其中男性451人,女性541人,平均(74.78±6.71)岁。“行动”“自己照顾自己”“日常生活”“疼痛/不适”和“焦虑/抑郁”5个维度上有困难或有问题者分别占16.13%、11.09%、19.76%、48.49%和29.84%,其中“日常生活”“疼痛/不适”和“焦虑/抑郁”维度有困难或有问题的比例农村均高于城市(P<0.05)。EQ-5D效用值最高为0.85分,最低为-0.11分,平均为(0.75±0.13)分,未患慢性病、遇到烦恼会倾诉、遇到困难会求助、参加党团和社区等组织活动的空巢老人EQ-5D效用值相对较高(均P<0.05);收入够用的空巢老人EQ-5D效用值最高,其次是收入一般够用和有困难者(均P<0.01);选择子女赡养为最佳养老方式的空巢老人EQ-5D效用值最高,其次是选择个人自养和社会养老为最佳养老方式者(均P<0.01)。结论杭州市空巢老人日常生活能力和健康状况较差,患慢性病、不倾述、不求助、不参加社会活动以及收入不高是其健康相关生命质量低的影响因素。
Objective To analyze the health-related quality of life of empty-nesters and its influencing factors in Hangzhou, and provide the basis for the healthy retirement of empty-nesters. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 200 empty nesters from 2 urban districts of Hangzhou (Gongshu and Shangcheng) and 3 suburban counties (Chun’an, Jiande and Lin’an) to carry out the European Five-Dimensional Health Scale EQ-5D) questionnaire, according to the scale score analysis of their health-related quality of life and influencing factors. Results A total of 992 empty nesters were investigated, including 451 males and 541 females, with an average age of (74.78 ± 6.71) years. 16.13% and 11.09% respectively of the five dimensions of “Action ” “Take care of themselves ” “Daily life ” “pain / discomfort ” and “anxiety / depression , 19.76%, 48.49% and 29.84%, respectively. Among them, the proportion of rural residents living in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas (P <0.05), and the proportions of ”daily life“ ”pain / discomfort“ and ”anxiety / depression" . EQ-5D utility value of the highest 0.85 points, a minimum of -0.11 points, with an average of (0.75 ± 0.13) points, not suffering from chronic diseases, encountered troubles will talk, encounter difficulties will help, to participate in the activities of the Communist Youth League and community organizations The EQ-5D utility value of the nests in the nests was relatively high (all P <0.05); the EQ-5D utility value of the empty-nesters with enough income was the highest, followed by those with general income and difficulties (all P <0.01) The EQ-5D utility value of empty-nesters with the best old-age nursing style was the highest, followed by those who chose individual self-support and social pension as the best way to get old-aged people (all P <0.01). Conclusion The elderly living in empty-nesters in Hangzhou have poorer daily life and poor health status. They have chronic health conditions, do not dump themselves, do not ask for help, do not participate in social activities, and their incomes are low, which are the factors affecting their low health-related quality of life.