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木霉菌剂具有生物肥料的促生增产作用,是评价其作用功效的重要指标,但木霉的促生增产作用较少在大田环境下进行评价。本研究采用三种不同功能的木霉可湿性粉剂处理冬小麦,平板稀释法计数统计各生长期木霉在土壤中的定殖动态。统计冬小麦出苗数和苗期生物量,在发病季节统计冬小麦纹枯病、条锈病和白粉病的发病率,并在收获期精细脱粒统计产量。发现三种木霉都能在田间土壤中定殖并在小麦生长季内保持活性,其中收获期前土壤中T11-W的含量保持相对较高,而收获期时土壤中Tr01的含量最高。结果表明,LTR-2菌剂使出苗数提高了120.97%,苗期生物量提高了54.59%,拔节期对纹枯病病情缓解了16.60%、对条锈病缓解了35.14%,收获期增产了4.83%。T11-W菌剂使出苗数提高了146.77%,苗期生物量提高了59.43%,拔节期对纹枯病和条锈病的防治有消极作用,但收获期增产了37.79%。Tr01菌剂使出苗数提高了150.00%,对苗期生物量无明显作用,拔节期对纹枯病缓解了36.49%、对条锈病病情的缓解无积极作用。三种菌剂对冬小麦的生长有不同程度的促进作用,具有推广应用价值。该研究为木霉生防菌剂的研发提供了数据依据。
Trichoderma has the role of promoting the growth of biofertilizer, which is an important index to evaluate the efficacy of Trichoderma. However, the role of Trichoderma in promoting growth and yield less is evaluated in the field. In this study, three kinds of Trichoderma WP were used to treat winter wheat. The growth of Trichoderma spp. In soil was counted by plate dilution method. The number of winter wheat emergence and seedling biomass were counted. The incidences of winter wheat sharp eyespot, stripe rust and powdery mildew were counted during the disease season, and the output of fine threshing was calculated at the harvesting stage. All three Trichoderma species were found to be colonized in the field soil and remained active during the wheat growing season, with the T11-W content remaining relatively high at harvest and the highest Tr01 content at harvest. The results showed that the LTR-2 fungi increased the number of emergence by 120.97%, the seedling biomass by 54.59%, the alleviation of sheath blight at jointing stage by 16.60%, the stripe rust by 35.14% and the harvest by 4.83 %. The number of seedlings increased by 146.77% and the seedling biomass increased by 59.43% with T11-W fungi. The jointing stage had a negative effect on the control of sheath blight and stripe rust, but increased by 37.79% during harvest. Tr01 fungi increased seedling number by 150.00%, had no significant effect on biomass at seedling stage, relieved 36.49% of sheath blight at jointing stage, and had no positive effect on the alleviation of stripe rust. Three kinds of fungi on the growth of winter wheat have different degrees of promotion, with the promotion and application value. This research provided the data basis for the research and development of Trichoderma biocontrol agent.