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[摘要] 目的 肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)选择性诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,但是其诱导促生存反应导致耐药。金雀异黄素抑制核因子-κB(NF-κB)活性。本文旨在探讨金雀异黄素和TRAIL以及两者合用诱导人肝细胞癌SMMC-7721细胞系肝癌干细胞样细胞凋亡的作用。 方法 干细胞条件培养基超低粘附板培养SMMC-7721细胞获得第3代肿瘤球形成细胞,作为肝癌干细胞样细胞。金雀异黄素(10 μM)、TRAIL(10 ng/mL)及两者联合处理肝癌干细胞样细胞72 h;免疫酶联吸附试验(ELISA)测定细胞组蛋白/DNA碎片;碘化丙啶(PI)染色流式细胞术分析细胞凋亡率;Western blot检测细胞NF-κB(p65)蛋白表达水平。 结果 10 μM 金雀异黄素诱导肝癌干细胞样细胞组蛋白/DNA碎片水平(100% vs 152%)和凋亡率[(2.71±0.64)% vs (5.14±0.76)%]适度增高(P<0.05);10 ng/mL TRAIL对肝癌干细胞样细胞组蛋白/DNA碎片水平(100% vs 110%)和凋亡率[(2.71±0.64)% vs (3.15±0.72)%]无明显影响;10 μM 金雀异黄素预孵育1 h,联合10 ng/mL TRAIL处理导致组蛋白/DNA碎片水平(100% vs 568%)和凋亡率[(2.71±0.64)% vs (17.3±1.27)%]显著增高(P<0.05)。10 ng/mL TRAIL诱导肝癌干细胞样细胞NF-κB(p65)蛋白表达,10 μM 金雀异黄素抑制NF-κB(p65)蛋白表达,联合金雀异黄素与TRAIL有效降低NF-κB(p65)蛋白表达水平。 结论 金雀异黄素与TRAIL协同诱导肝癌干细胞样细胞凋亡涉及NF-κB抑制。
[关键词] 肝细胞癌;肿瘤干细胞;细胞凋亡;NF-κB
[中图分类号] R735.7 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2015)13-0023-03
[Abstract] Objective Tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been demonstrated that selectively induced cancer cells, but facilitated prosurvival response leading to resistance. It has been reported that genistein could inhibit nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) exprotein and activaty. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of genistein or TRAIL, or both on apoptosis of liver cancer stem-like cells(LCSLCs) derived from SMMC-7721 cell line. Methods The third passage sphere-forming cells(SFCs) derived from SMMC-7721 cell line which was also called LCSLCs were obtained though suspended culture in ultra-low adhesion plate with stem cell-conditioned medium. LCSLCs were treated with Genistein(10 μM) and TRAIL(10 ng/mL) alone or in combination for 72 h. Histone/DNA fragment was tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). And apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry (FCM) with propidium iodide(PI) staining; the protein expression of NF-κB(p65) was analyzed by western blot. Results The level of histone/DNA fragment(100% vs 152.6%) and apoptosis rate[(2.71±0.64)% vs (5.14±0.76)%] was increased moderately by genistein(10 μM) in LCSLCs(P<0.05), but TRAIL(10 ng/mL) has no effect on histone/DNA fragment level(100% vs 110%) and apoptosis rate[(2.71±0.64)% vs (3.15±0.72)%]. After preincubation with 10μM genistein for 1h, the combination with 10 ng/mL TRAIL lead to significantly increase of histone/DNA fragment level(100% vs 568%) and apoptosis rate[(2.71±0.64)% vs (17.3±1.27)%] (P<0.05). 10 ng/mL TRAIL induced NF-κB(p65) expression in LCSLCs. 10 μM genistein could suppress the protein expression of NF-κB(p65). And the protein expression of NF-κB(p65) was significantly attenuated by the combination of genistein and TRAIL. Conclusion The apoptosis of LCSLCs which is co-induced by genistein and TRAIL is associated with the inhibition of NF-κB. [Key words] Liver cancer; Cancer stem cell; Apoptosis; NF-κB
肝细胞癌位列癌症相关死因第三位;其死亡率高主要是由于高复发率和耐药性[1]。肿瘤干细胞理论认为肿瘤组织中存在化疗抵抗的干细胞样细胞群,在肝细胞癌中,肝癌干细胞能在化疗后重新构建肿瘤[2]。肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡配体(tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis ligand,TRAIL)已经达到只针对恶性转化细胞和不影响正常细胞和不损伤正常组织的治疗结果。虽然Ⅰ/Ⅱ期临床试验已经证明重组可溶性TRAIL有良好耐受性,但是其抗肿瘤活性有限[3];此外,TRAIL信号并不总是导致癌细胞凋亡。事实上一些研究表明,TRAIL可以通过某些信号分子包括核因子-κB(NF-κB)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)、Akt等因子诱导促生存反应[3]。有研究显示胶质母细胞瘤干细胞具有TRAIL抗性[4]。
金雀异黄素是大豆制品中的主要异黄酮。已有研究证明金雀异黄素在体内外具有预防和治疗包括肝细胞癌在内的多种肿瘤作用[5]。还有研究表明,金雀异黄素通过抑制NF-κB活性增强肿瘤细胞的化疗敏感性[6]。然而金雀异黄素是否能通过抑制NF-κB活性增强TRAIL诱导肝细胞癌干细胞样细胞凋亡仍然缺乏文献资料。本文研究金雀异黄素和TRAIL以及两者合用对人肝细胞癌SMMC-7721细胞系肝癌干细胞样细胞凋亡的作用,并探讨其作用机制是否涉及金雀异黄素抑制基础和TRAIL诱导NF-κB活性。
1 材料与方法
1.1细胞培养与试剂
人肝细胞癌细胞系SMMC-7721自上海中国科学院细胞库(中国上海)购得。SMMC-7721细胞系生长用添加10%胎牛血清、100 IU/mL盘尼西林、100 μg/mL链霉素的高糖DMEM培养基置5% CO2、37℃的培养箱培养。
金雀异黄素和胰岛素购自美国Sigma公司。重组人TRAIL购自美国R
[关键词] 肝细胞癌;肿瘤干细胞;细胞凋亡;NF-κB
[中图分类号] R735.7 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2015)13-0023-03
[Abstract] Objective Tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been demonstrated that selectively induced cancer cells, but facilitated prosurvival response leading to resistance. It has been reported that genistein could inhibit nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) exprotein and activaty. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of genistein or TRAIL, or both on apoptosis of liver cancer stem-like cells(LCSLCs) derived from SMMC-7721 cell line. Methods The third passage sphere-forming cells(SFCs) derived from SMMC-7721 cell line which was also called LCSLCs were obtained though suspended culture in ultra-low adhesion plate with stem cell-conditioned medium. LCSLCs were treated with Genistein(10 μM) and TRAIL(10 ng/mL) alone or in combination for 72 h. Histone/DNA fragment was tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). And apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry (FCM) with propidium iodide(PI) staining; the protein expression of NF-κB(p65) was analyzed by western blot. Results The level of histone/DNA fragment(100% vs 152.6%) and apoptosis rate[(2.71±0.64)% vs (5.14±0.76)%] was increased moderately by genistein(10 μM) in LCSLCs(P<0.05), but TRAIL(10 ng/mL) has no effect on histone/DNA fragment level(100% vs 110%) and apoptosis rate[(2.71±0.64)% vs (3.15±0.72)%]. After preincubation with 10μM genistein for 1h, the combination with 10 ng/mL TRAIL lead to significantly increase of histone/DNA fragment level(100% vs 568%) and apoptosis rate[(2.71±0.64)% vs (17.3±1.27)%] (P<0.05). 10 ng/mL TRAIL induced NF-κB(p65) expression in LCSLCs. 10 μM genistein could suppress the protein expression of NF-κB(p65). And the protein expression of NF-κB(p65) was significantly attenuated by the combination of genistein and TRAIL. Conclusion The apoptosis of LCSLCs which is co-induced by genistein and TRAIL is associated with the inhibition of NF-κB. [Key words] Liver cancer; Cancer stem cell; Apoptosis; NF-κB
肝细胞癌位列癌症相关死因第三位;其死亡率高主要是由于高复发率和耐药性[1]。肿瘤干细胞理论认为肿瘤组织中存在化疗抵抗的干细胞样细胞群,在肝细胞癌中,肝癌干细胞能在化疗后重新构建肿瘤[2]。肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡配体(tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis ligand,TRAIL)已经达到只针对恶性转化细胞和不影响正常细胞和不损伤正常组织的治疗结果。虽然Ⅰ/Ⅱ期临床试验已经证明重组可溶性TRAIL有良好耐受性,但是其抗肿瘤活性有限[3];此外,TRAIL信号并不总是导致癌细胞凋亡。事实上一些研究表明,TRAIL可以通过某些信号分子包括核因子-κB(NF-κB)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)、Akt等因子诱导促生存反应[3]。有研究显示胶质母细胞瘤干细胞具有TRAIL抗性[4]。
金雀异黄素是大豆制品中的主要异黄酮。已有研究证明金雀异黄素在体内外具有预防和治疗包括肝细胞癌在内的多种肿瘤作用[5]。还有研究表明,金雀异黄素通过抑制NF-κB活性增强肿瘤细胞的化疗敏感性[6]。然而金雀异黄素是否能通过抑制NF-κB活性增强TRAIL诱导肝细胞癌干细胞样细胞凋亡仍然缺乏文献资料。本文研究金雀异黄素和TRAIL以及两者合用对人肝细胞癌SMMC-7721细胞系肝癌干细胞样细胞凋亡的作用,并探讨其作用机制是否涉及金雀异黄素抑制基础和TRAIL诱导NF-κB活性。
1 材料与方法
1.1细胞培养与试剂
人肝细胞癌细胞系SMMC-7721自上海中国科学院细胞库(中国上海)购得。SMMC-7721细胞系生长用添加10%胎牛血清、100 IU/mL盘尼西林、100 μg/mL链霉素的高糖DMEM培养基置5% CO2、37℃的培养箱培养。
金雀异黄素和胰岛素购自美国Sigma公司。重组人TRAIL购自美国R