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一、前言仪器仪表材料是发展仪器仪表的物质基础,虽然仪器仪表的发展历史悠久,可追溯到我国春秋时期的指南针发明,但现代仪器仪表的发展,则不过一百多年的历史。而现代仪表材料的出现则在1880年以后,如1880年研制了测温铂电阻。1886年铂铑热电偶,1892年锰加宁电阻合金问世,1897年发明了因瓦合金,继而1903年矽钢片,1906年镍铬镍硅热电偶,1919年铜康铜热电偶,1920年马氏体磁钢,1922年坡莫合金,1929年高弹性铍铜合金等。这些仪器仪表材料的研制和生产,给初期的热工和电工仪表发展奠定了物质基础。随后的30年,为了满足仪器仪表高速发展,仪表材料在原有基础上不断提高性能、扩大品种、增加产量。例
I. Introduction Instrumentation materials are the material basis for the development of instrumentation. Although the development of instrumentation has a long history, it can be traced back to the invention of the compass in the Spring and Autumn Period in China. However, the development of modern instrumentation has only a hundred years of history. The emergence of modern instrumentation material after 1880, such as the 1880 developed a platinum resistance measurement. 1886 Platinum and rhodium thermocouple, 1892 Manganese resistance alloy came out, invented in 1897 Invar alloy, then the 1903 silicon steel, nickel-chromium nickel-silicon thermocouple 1906, 1919 Tongkang copper thermocouple, 1920 Martensitic magnets, permalloy 1922, 1929 high elasticity beryllium copper alloy. The development and production of these instrumentation materials have laid a material foundation for the initial development of thermal and electrical instrumentation. The following 30 years, in order to meet the rapid development of instrumentation, instrumentation materials on the basis of the original continuous improvement of performance, expand varieties and increase production. example