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目的探讨早期老年性黄斑变性（ＳＭＤ）视功能变异与ＳＭＤ发病的危险性，探讨ＳＭＤ早期诊断方法。方法对５４例（５４眼）早期ＳＭＤ患者进行了黄斑光敏度（ＭＬＳ）、ＦＭ１００色调试验、Ａｍｓｌｅｒ表、对比敏感度（ＣＳ）及暗适应检测。结果平均追踪５５月，追踪期内１８例患者发生了ＳＭＤ。回顾性分析显示ＳＭＤ组比玻璃疣组的视功能损害严重，中心凹、黄斑６°白色光敏度异常预见ＳＭＤ的发生的敏感性分别为８３．３７％及７７．７８％，特异性分别为８０．５５％及７５％。ＦＭ１００色调试验全色区预见发生ＳＭＤ的敏感性８３．３３％，特异性６３．６７％；Ａｍｓｌｅｒ表预见发生ＳＭＤ的敏感性７１．４０％，特异性８０％。结论采用ＭＬＳ、ＦＭ１００色调试验及Ａｍｓｌｅｒ表检测早期ＳＭＤ患者的视功能可较好地预见ＳＭＤ发生的危险性，为ＳＭＤ早期诊断提供敏感的检测方法。
Objective To investigate the variation of visual function of early age-related macular degeneration (SMD) and the risk of SMD and explore the early diagnosis of SMD. Methods 54 patients (54 eyes) with early SMD were examined for macular sensitivity (MLS), FM100 color tone test, Amsler table, contrast sensitivity (CS) and dark adaptation test. Results The average follow-up in 55 months, 18 patients during the follow-up SMD occurred. The retrospective analysis showed that the visual function impairment of the SMD group was more serious than that of the Drusen. The sensitivities of SMD with occlusal and macular 6 ° sensitivity were 83.37% and 77.78%, respectively, and the specificity were 80 .55% and 75%. The sensitivity of SMD 100 was expected to be 83.33% and 63.67% in FM 100 full-color test. The sensitivity of Amsler was 71.40% and the specificity was 80%. Conclusion The MLS, FM100-hue test and Amsler table to detect the visual function of early SMD patients can predict the risk of SMD well and provide a sensitive detection method for SMD early diagnosis.