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目的了解长沙市2004-2015年突发公共卫生事件的流行特征,为突发公共卫生事件的防控工作提供参考。方法系统收集长沙市2004-2015年突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统报告的突发公共卫生事件,采用SPSS软件进行分析。结果 2004-2015年共报告289起突发公共卫生事件,主要为一般级别事件189起(65.40%);事件类型以传染病类事件为主,发生249起(86.16%),其次为突发中毒类事件(25起,占8.65%);事件主要集中在3-6月和9-12月,9月、11月有2个高峰;城区传染病类事件的比例高于四县市(91.74%vs.82.14%,χ2=5.428,P=0.02),突发中毒类事件比例则低于四县市(1.65%vs.13.69%,χ2=12.898,P<0.001);学校是突发公共卫生事件发生的主要场所(215起,占74.39%),以小学为主(120起,55.81%)。结论 2004-2015年长沙市突发公共卫生事件时间高峰主要在秋冬季节,学校是主要场所,需重点加强学校传染病的防控。
Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of public health emergencies in Changsha City from 2004 to 2015 and provide reference for the prevention and control of public health emergencies. Methods The systematic public health emergencies reported by Changsha Public Health Emergency Management Information System from 2004 to 2015 were collected and analyzed by SPSS software. Results A total of 289 public health emergencies were reported during the period from 2004 to 2015, with 189 cases (65.40%) of general level incidents. Incidents of infectious diseases were the most frequent, with 249 (86.16%) incidences followed by sudden poisoning (25 cases, accounting for 8.65%). The events mainly concentrated in March-June and September-December, with two peaks in September and November. The proportion of infectious diseases in urban areas was higher than that in the four counties (91.74% vs.82.14%, χ2 = 5.428, P = 0.02). The proportion of sudden poisoning events was lower in four counties and cities (1.65% vs.13.69%, χ2 = 12.898, P <0.001) The main places (215, accounting for 74.39%), mainly primary (120, 55.81%). Conclusion The peak time of public health emergencies in Changsha during 2004-2015 is mainly in the autumn and winter seasons. Schools are the main places for prevention and control of infectious diseases in schools.