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目的观察在正畸治疗中拔除第二恒磨牙后,第三磨牙的萌出情况,它在水平和垂直方向上的移动距离,以及与平面之间的倾斜角度,为临床工作提供参考。方法实验组观察19名患者,共34颗第二磨牙被拔除,其中上颌20颗,下颌14颗。未拔牙侧作为对照组,共38颗第三磨牙,16颗上颌,22颗下颌。所有病例均拍摄拔牙前及一年后全颌曲面体层片,测量第三磨牙在水平、垂直和倾斜角方面的变化,计算第三磨牙移动的实际距离。结果实验组34颗第三磨牙,在一年内均有不同程度萌出,其中上颌第三磨牙平均在水平方向移动8.41mm,在垂直方向移动7.41mm,直立16.45°下颌第三磨牙平均在水平方向移动6.77mm,在垂直方向移动4.021mm,直立7.14°和对照组相比,具有显著性差异。结论①拔除第二磨牙后,第三磨牙萌出加速,阻生减少;②上颌第三磨牙的移动快于下颌第三磨牙,其萌出的各项指标也好于下颌。
Objective To observe the eruption of the third molars after removing the second permanent molars during orthodontic treatment, its horizontal and vertical movement distance, and the angle of inclination with the plane, so as to provide reference for clinical work. Methods The experimental group was observed in 19 patients, a total of 34 second molars were removed, including 20 maxillary, mandibular 14. The untreated side as a control group, a total of 38 third molars, 16 maxillary, 22 mandibular. All patients were photographed before tooth extraction and one year after the whole jaw curved body slice, measuring the third molar in the horizontal, vertical and tilt angle changes, the actual calculation of the third molar moving distance. RESULTS: The 34 third molars in experimental group all had different degrees of eruption in one year. The average maxillary third molars moved 8.41 mm in the horizontal direction, 7.41 mm in the vertical direction and 16.45 ° in the vertical direction. The third molars moved in the horizontal direction on average 6.77mm, vertical movement of 4.021mm, upright 7.14 ° compared with the control group, with significant differences. Conclusion The removal of the second molars accelerated the eruption of the third molars and reduced the impaction of the second molars. The third molars moved faster than the third molars, and the indexes of eruption were better than the mandibular.