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复合材料是一种具有多相结构的材料。它由基体(高聚物树脂、金属、陶瓷等)和增强剂(纤维或粉粒状填料)组合而成。这种材料的特点,在于它能根据使用的需要采用不同的宏观或微观的组合形式。换言之,可以进行材料设计。同时,复合材料不仅能综合各组成原材料的特色,而且还有可能具备原材料所没有的特性。因此,复合材料在材料科学领域中很有发展前途,目前已经获得广泛的应用。 由于复合材料是一种多相结构的材料,因此必然包含着各组分之间构成的界面。这个界面对手复合材料的性质,尤其是力学性能,起了极其重要的作用。
Composite material is a multi-phase structure of the material. It consists of matrix (polymer resin, metal, ceramic, etc.) and reinforcing agent (fiber or powdery filler) combination. This material is characterized by its use according to the needs of different macro or micro combination. In other words, material design is possible. At the same time, composite materials can not only synthesize the characteristics of the raw materials, but also have the characteristics that the raw materials do not have. Therefore, composite materials in the field of material science has great prospects for development, has been widely used. As the composite material is a multi-phase structure of the material, it must contain the composition of the interface between the components. The interface of the nature of the opponent composite material, especially the mechanical properties, has played an extremely important role.