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公民身份是政治哲学中的一个基本问题,西方历史上共和主义传统与自由派传统基于不同的自由概念而凸显出了不同的公民观,贡斯当与伯林分别对此进行了“古代人的政治自由”与“现代人的个人自由”以及“积极自由”与“消极自由”的二分,这样公民身份问题也就在这种二分法的基本框架中得以展开。社群主义的崛起虽然实现了政治哲学中心向共同体和成员资格的转变,但同时也强化了公民身份的二元对峙。而晚近以来的“公民资格”理论是对自由主义的个人主义和社群主义的集体主义之间对立的一种超越,它把自由主义对正义的要求和共同体成员资格的要求整合到一起,也是对两种公民观的一种综合与超越。
Citizenship is a basic issue in political philosophy. The history of republicanism and libertarianism highlights different views on citizenship based on different concepts of freedom. In his article, “the ancient people Political freedom ”and“ personal freedom ”of“ modern man ”and“ positive freedom ”and“ negative freedom ”are divided equally, so that the issue of citizenship can also be started in the basic framework of this dichotomy. Although the rise of communitarianism has transformed the center of political philosophy into a community and membership, it also reinforces the binary confrontation of citizenship. And the recent “citizenship” theory is a transcendence of the antithesis between liberal individualism and communitarian collectivism that brings together the requirements of liberalism for justice and the membership of the community , But also a comprehensive and transcendental view of the two kinds of citizens.