肾钙质沉着症常与肾结石病伴发，近年来越来越多的肾钙质沉着症被发现是由单基因病所致，其发病机制尚未完全阐明。随着分子遗传学的发展，已发现30多种基因是肾钙质沉着症的致病基因。同时，随着基因检测技术的广泛开展，更多的患者得到了早期诊断和及时干预。现就单基因肾钙质沉着症的临床和基础研究进展进行综述。“,”Nephrocalcinosis is often accompanied by kidney stone disease. In recent years, more and more nephrocalcinosis has been found to be caused by a monogenic disease, and its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. With the development of molecular genetics, more than 30 genes have been found to be the causative genes of nephrocalcinosis. At the same time, with the widespread development of genetic testing technology, more patients have received early diagnosis and timely intervention. This article reviews the clinical and basic research progress of monogenic nephrocalcinosis.