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本文认为马克思的商品拜物教理论包含着对物化现实的“批判”和“指认”两个维度。这构成了作为一种批判理论的拜物教思想在西方马克思主义思想嬗变中的两条路径:揭露假象与指认意象。前者以卢卡奇为代表,后者以本雅明为代表。本文基于本雅明对传统形而上学的批判,凸显了其对表象与特殊性的关注,由此阐发了带有启示色彩的寓言式批判方法,从而构筑了以意象辩证法为核心的本雅明的拜物教思想:即驻足于表象,揭示表象自身包含的自我颠覆性的力量。
This paper argues that Marx’s theory of commodity fetishism contains two dimensions: “Criticism ” and “Recognition ” of materialized reality. This constituted two paths of fetishism as a critical theory in the evolution of western Marxist thought: exposing illusion and identifying the image. The former is represented by Lukacs, the latter by Benjamin. Based on Benjamin’s criticism of the traditional metaphysics, this article highlights his attention to the appearance and the particularity. From this, he elucidates the apocalyptic criticism method with enlightenment color and constructs Benjamin’s fetishism thought with image dialectics as its core: That is, stop at the appearance and reveal the self-disruptive power contained in the appearance itself.