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目的考察地震应激源与认知评价、应激反应的关系,探讨认知评价对应激源和应激反应的中介作用,为地震后有效实施心理危机干预提供理论依据。方法以“5.12”地震后青川和绵竹324名青少年为调查对象,运用自编青少年地震应激源问卷、认知评价问卷、应激反应问卷进行调查。结果应激源的物质丧失、心理丧失与认知评价的初级评价均存在正相关(r=0.42,0.70,P值均<0.01),而与次级评价存在负相关(r=-0.19,-0.16,P值均<0.05);应激反应的生理反应、心理反应、社会功能与认知评价的初级评价维度均存在正相关(r=0.48,0.57,0.38,P值均<0.01),而与次级评价均存在负相关(r=-0.14,-0.12,-0.28,P值均<0.05)。在应激反应总分[(t(322)=4.221,P<0.01)]及生理反应[(t(322)=3.649,P<0.01)]、心理反应[(t(322)=5.053,P<0.01)]维度上存在显著的性别差异;在生理反应[(t(322)=3.273,P<0.01)]、心理反应[(t(322)=3.873,P<0.01)]和社会功能[(t(322)=1.143,P<0.01)]3个维度及应激反应总分[(t(322)=3.397,P<0.01)]上都存在显著的生源地差异。认知评价是应激源和应激反应的中介变量,其中介效应为14.9%,中介效应所占总效应的比例为31.96%。结论应激源可以通过认知评价影响应激反应。
Objective To investigate the relationship between earthquake stressors and cognitive assessment and stress response and to explore the mediating effect of cognitive assessment on stressors and stress responses and to provide a theoretical basis for the effective implementation of psychological crisis intervention after earthquakes. Methods A total of 324 adolescents in Qingchuan and Mianzhu after the “5.12” earthquake were selected as research objects, and self-compiled questionnaires of earthquake stressors, cognitive assessment and stress responses were used to investigate. Results There was a positive correlation between stress loss, psychological loss and primary evaluation of cognitive evaluation (r = 0.42,0.70, P <0.01), but negative correlation with secondary evaluation (r = -0.19, - 0.16, P <0.05). There was a positive correlation between physiological response, psychological response, social function and primary evaluation of cognitive evaluation (r = 0.48,0.57,0.38, P <0.01) There was a negative correlation with the secondary evaluation (r = -0.14, -0.12, -0.28, P <0.05). (T (322) = 4.221, P <0.01) and physiological response (t (322) = 3.649, P <0.01) (T (322) = 3.873, P <0.01)] and social function [t (322) = 3.273, P <0.01) (t (322) = 1.143, P <0.01)] and the total score of stress response (t (322) = 3.397, P <0.01)]. Cognitive assessment is a mediator of stressors and stress responses with a mediation effect of 14.9% and a mediation effect of 31.96% of the total effect. Conclusion Stressors can influence the stress response through cognitive evaluation.