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管道泄漏引发的负压波信号及其沿管道衰减程度与管道工况、长度及泄漏孔直径等因素有关。针对传统负压波监测方法定位精度低、可靠性差等问题,提出了一种光纤负压波管道泄漏监测方法。由泄漏负压波在管道中传播规律,通过提高传感器布设密度,降低信号衰减强度,得到了更清晰的负压波下降沿拐点信息。根据泄漏点所在传感器区间不同,提出了自适应负压波波速数值计算方法。在实验室分别对光纤与传统负压波泄漏监测方法进行对比分析,实验结果显示,在泄漏量为管道总运输量5%的工况下,光纤监测法泄漏定位误差小于1.6%,较传统的监测方法能获得更高的管道泄漏监测灵敏度及定位精度,具有更加广阔的应用前景。
Negative pressure wave signal caused by pipeline leakage and the degree of attenuation along the pipeline are related to pipeline conditions, length and diameter of leakage holes and other factors. Aiming at the problems of low accuracy and poor reliability of traditional negative pressure wave monitoring method, a method of optical fiber negative pressure wave pipeline leakage monitoring is proposed. According to the propagation rule of negative pressure wave in pipeline, the inflexion information of falling negative pressure of negative pressure wave is obtained by increasing the density of sensor layout and reducing the intensity of signal attenuation. According to the difference of the sensor area where the leakage point is, a numerical method of adaptive negative pressure wave velocity is proposed. In the laboratory, the comparison between optical fiber and traditional negative pressure wave leakage monitoring method is carried out. The experimental results show that the leakage error of optical fiber monitoring method is less than 1.6% when the leakage volume is 5% of the total pipeline transportation, Monitoring methods can get higher sensitivity and accuracy of pipeline leak monitoring, with a broader application prospects.