论文部分内容阅读
DRAFT的英文全称是the first rough and incomplete form of something written ,drawn, or planned,意即“草案、草稿、草图”。教师授课时根据课文的情景,设计出主线(main thread)引导学生展开讨论;随后根据课文的主线,找出其事实(facts);再根据主线的事实,找出其成因(causes);最后根据主线事实的成因,找出其结果(effects)。其间,大量使用联想、引申和情景导入等手段,最大限度地拓宽学生的理解空间,鼓励学生在想象的基础上,对思维进行重新整合;设计出多个思考题、讨论题,对情景进行符合逻辑的分析。这种以逆向思维为典型特征,大量使用演绎法,探询作者写作过程的授课方法非常实用,能有效地培养学生的阅读理解能力,提高课堂授课效果。我们在将复杂变得简单的过程中,交替使用了如下手段:
(1)类比启发:运用迁移规律,在原有类同事实的基础上,进行类推。
(2)激疑启发:激发学生有疑问则问,以疑引思,在质疑和答疑的过程中,获取知识,发展潜能。
(3)情景启发:使学生身临其境。
(4)语言启发:设计出富有思想性和思辨性的问题。
(5)对比启发:将事件主体的个性与现实中的个体加以对比。
很显然,DRAFT已不是一般意义上的“草案、草稿、草图”,其内涵以及外延都出现新的变化。
下面本人谈谈在平时英语教学中是如何利用DRAFT来组织阅读教学的。
以SEFC 1B Unit 17的READING部分ALONE IN ANTAR-CTICA为例,笔者有意识地使用了DRAFT教学法法,根据课文的情景,设计出三条主线:
①Helen Thayer’s Journey In Antarctica
②Helen Thayer’s Courage
③Helen Thayer’s Virtues
下面是对该课的板书设计:
Her Journey Her Courage
Nov,1st,1997:began her journey in AntarcticaFacts:
The first few days: continued her journey
because of good weather and bright sunshineCauses:
The third day:struggled through stormy weather
The next week:stayed in her tent
because of stronger windEffects:
Nov,12th:celebrated her own birthday
A few days later:moved forward over
a slope but fell into a hole
The 22nd day of the expedition:had a bad accident
and gave up her journey
下面是对该课所做的主线设计:
Her Courage
Facts:
①began her journey in Antarctica alone to celebrated her 60th birthday
②continued her journey in spite of bad weather and falling into a hole
③struggled to put up her tent in spite of a bad accident
Causes:
①her interest in adventure
② her challenge to herself
③ her love in life
Effects:
①the first woman to travel alone at the North Pole
②traveled alone in Antarctica
③gave up her journey after a bad accident
Her Virtues:
①her courage to challenge to herself
②her great determination in time of trouble
③her love in life
④her sense of responsibility for her family
⑤her optimistic attitude towards life
Questions:
①Do you admire Helen Thayer?Why?
②What do you learn from her?
这些设问既不拘泥于课文,又不游离于主题之外,师生的交流是自然的,内容是充实的。由于学生理解空间的拓宽,使得学生对课文故事本身的兴趣增强,参加讨论,说英语成为自然而然和顺理成章的事,这些都有助于教学目的的实现。
总之,将“DRAFT”这一教学方法运用到新教材的尝试,使我深受鼓舞。该法能使教师把握课文教学的整个过程,将全篇课文的内容有机地串接起来,让学生清楚故事脉络,掌握课文要领,使课文教学变得易于驾驭。
(作者单位:江西省乐安县第二中学)
责任编辑:一 觉
(1)类比启发:运用迁移规律,在原有类同事实的基础上,进行类推。
(2)激疑启发:激发学生有疑问则问,以疑引思,在质疑和答疑的过程中,获取知识,发展潜能。
(3)情景启发:使学生身临其境。
(4)语言启发:设计出富有思想性和思辨性的问题。
(5)对比启发:将事件主体的个性与现实中的个体加以对比。
很显然,DRAFT已不是一般意义上的“草案、草稿、草图”,其内涵以及外延都出现新的变化。
下面本人谈谈在平时英语教学中是如何利用DRAFT来组织阅读教学的。
以SEFC 1B Unit 17的READING部分ALONE IN ANTAR-CTICA为例,笔者有意识地使用了DRAFT教学法法,根据课文的情景,设计出三条主线:
①Helen Thayer’s Journey In Antarctica
②Helen Thayer’s Courage
③Helen Thayer’s Virtues
下面是对该课的板书设计:
Her Journey Her Courage
Nov,1st,1997:began her journey in AntarcticaFacts:
The first few days: continued her journey
because of good weather and bright sunshineCauses:
The third day:struggled through stormy weather
The next week:stayed in her tent
because of stronger windEffects:
Nov,12th:celebrated her own birthday
A few days later:moved forward over
a slope but fell into a hole
The 22nd day of the expedition:had a bad accident
and gave up her journey
下面是对该课所做的主线设计:
Her Courage
Facts:
①began her journey in Antarctica alone to celebrated her 60th birthday
②continued her journey in spite of bad weather and falling into a hole
③struggled to put up her tent in spite of a bad accident
Causes:
①her interest in adventure
② her challenge to herself
③ her love in life
Effects:
①the first woman to travel alone at the North Pole
②traveled alone in Antarctica
③gave up her journey after a bad accident
Her Virtues:
①her courage to challenge to herself
②her great determination in time of trouble
③her love in life
④her sense of responsibility for her family
⑤her optimistic attitude towards life
Questions:
①Do you admire Helen Thayer?Why?
②What do you learn from her?
这些设问既不拘泥于课文,又不游离于主题之外,师生的交流是自然的,内容是充实的。由于学生理解空间的拓宽,使得学生对课文故事本身的兴趣增强,参加讨论,说英语成为自然而然和顺理成章的事,这些都有助于教学目的的实现。
总之,将“DRAFT”这一教学方法运用到新教材的尝试,使我深受鼓舞。该法能使教师把握课文教学的整个过程,将全篇课文的内容有机地串接起来,让学生清楚故事脉络,掌握课文要领,使课文教学变得易于驾驭。
(作者单位:江西省乐安县第二中学)
责任编辑:一 觉