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以黑土地区海伦农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站的农田长期(1990～2004年)肥料定位试验土壤为试验材料,对不同施肥处理有机碳和氮进行了系统分析。结果表明,长期不施化肥(CK),土壤中有机碳、全氮、碱解氮及C/N呈现下降趋势;长期施用氮肥,土壤有机碳亏损速率较大,但土壤氮素变化较小,C/N保持相对稳定;长期施用磷肥,土壤有机碳含量下降速率较小,但全氮含量下降速率较大,因而C/N保持上升趋势;长期施用钾肥,土壤有机碳、氮及C/N变化趋势相同,但土壤有机碳含量下降速率较小,C/N增加较快。因此,通过调控化肥可以维持土壤的有机碳、全氮及碱解氮含量,保持土壤的持续生产力及提高作物产量。
Long-term (1990-2004) fertilization experiment soil was used as test material in the farmland of Helen Farmland Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation Station in the Black Soil region to systematically analyze the organic carbon and nitrogen in different fertilization treatments. The results showed that there was a downward trend of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen and C / N with long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer. Soil organic carbon loss rate was larger with long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer, C / N remained relatively stable. When phosphorus was applied for a long time, the rate of decline of soil organic carbon was small, but the rate of decrease of total nitrogen was relatively high, so the C / N kept the upward trend. With the long-term application of potash, soil organic carbon, nitrogen and C / N The trend of change is the same, but the decline rate of soil organic carbon is small, C / N increases rapidly. Therefore, through the regulation and control of fertilizers, the soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content can be maintained, soil sustainable productivity and crop yield can be improved.