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在引入虚拟水概念和水资源投入产出模型的基础上,计算得出中国2002年、2005年、2007年三年的各行业城乡居民虚拟水消费量,对城乡居民虚拟水消费量的趋势发展及2007年城乡居民虚拟水消费的结构和合理性进行了分析。得出以下结论:①城乡居民的虚拟水消费无论从总量还是人均量来看,都是处于一个逐年递降的好势头,但其消费结构仍存在不合理性,导致出现较少的最终需求和较大的虚拟水消费的局面。②无论从总量还是人均量来看,城镇居民的虚拟水消费量都远远大于农村居民的消费量。尽管城镇人口在增加,但只要保持人均消费量较大幅度下降的趋势,城镇居民的虚拟水消费量总量也可以得到很好的控制。③城乡居民虚拟水消费中耗水量大的农业和轻工业所占比例大,重工业和服务业耗水少的行业所占比例小。从合理性出发,应增加重工业、服务业在最终需求中的比例,积极开发农业的节水技术,从而减少经济中的水资源消耗量。
Based on the introduction of the concept of virtual water and the input-output model of water resources, the virtual water consumption of urban and rural residents in various industries in China in 2002, 2005 and 2007 is calculated and the trend of the virtual water consumption of urban and rural residents is calculated And the structure and rationality of urban and rural residents’ consumption of virtual water in 2007 were analyzed. Draw the following conclusions: (1) The consumption of virtual water between urban and rural residents is in a declining trend year by year in terms of total amount and per capita amount, but its consumption structure is still irrational, resulting in fewer final demand and Big virtual water consumption situation. ②In terms of total amount or per capita amount, the consumption of virtual water of urban residents is far greater than the consumption of rural residents. Despite the increase in the urban population, as long as the per capita consumption is kept at a relatively large drop, the total amount of virtual water consumed by urban residents can be well controlled. ③ The proportion of agriculture and light industry with large consumption of water in virtual water consumption of urban and rural residents is large, and the proportion of industries consuming less water in heavy industry and service industry is small. From rationality, we should increase the proportion of heavy industry and service industries in the final demand and actively develop agricultural water-saving technologies so as to reduce the consumption of water resources in the economy.