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清代前、中期书论中不乏对碑刻的论述,当时人们已经开始关注碑刻,不过这时更多的是从金石学、考证学、文字学的角度出发,对碑刻进行搜集、品评、著录的工作,将碑刻看做对书学的一种补充;到了后期,包世臣、康有为等人将碑刻(尤其是北碑)推到至高无上的地位,碑学大兴。他们把对碑刻的认识归纳、总结,形成体系,使之成为书学中极为重要的一部分。本文以清代书论中对碑刻的认识发展变化为线索,指出前、中期与后期书家对碑刻的认知的区别,重新审视清代书学中构建碑刻认知体系的嬗变过程。
Before the Qing dynasty, there were many expositions on inscriptions in the middle and the previous book reviews. At that time, people began to pay attention to the inscriptions. However, at this time, they mostly collected inscriptions, scrutinized and recorded inscriptions from the perspectives of petrology, textual research and philology. Work, the inscription as a supplement to the book study; to the late, Bao Shichen, Kang Youwei and others will be inscriptions (especially the North Monument) to the supremacy, Bei Xing Bei. They summarized their understanding of inscriptions, summed up and formed a system that made them an extremely important part of book study. This paper takes clues to the development of knowledge of inscriptions in the Qing Dynasty scholarly book as a clue, points out the differences between the ancient, middle and late calligraphic inscriptions and reexamines the evolution of the cognitive system of inscriptions in the Qing Dynasty.