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城市化进程的快速推进,带来城市街区由单一低密度形态向多样高密度形态发展,引起街区下垫面构成、通风性能及得热状况等因素变化,进而影响城市热岛现象和建筑能耗。以上海地区10个区县气象站点近邻街区为例,通过调研统计绿化率、建筑密度、容积率等特征参数,研究各参数与城市热岛效应之间的关系;并以某一典型办公建筑为例,探究不同街区形态特征参数对建筑能耗的影响和关联程度。研究结果表明,城市热岛效应与建筑密度、容积率和绿化率等参数有很大的相关性,由于街区形态参数不同,建筑在城市中心区的冬季设计热负荷指标相比郊区可减少1.5%~5%,且热岛强度每增加1℃,建筑冬季采暖能耗指标相比郊区平均降低5.04%。
The rapid progress of urbanization brings about the development of a variety of high-density urban areas from a single low-density form to a variety of factors such as underlying surface composition, ventilation and heat gain, which in turn affects urban heat island phenomena and building energy consumption. Taking the neighborhood blocks of meteorological stations in 10 districts and counties in Shanghai as an example, this paper studies the relationship between each parameter and the urban heat island effect by investigating and calculating the characteristic parameters such as greening rate, building density and floor area ratio. Taking a typical office building as an example , To explore the impact of different street shape parameters on building energy consumption and the degree of correlation. The results show that the urban heat island effect is closely related to the parameters such as building density, floor area ratio and greening rate. Due to the different morphological parameters of blocks, the winter design heat load index in the central area of the city can be reduced by 1.5% 5% respectively, and every increment of heat island intensity is 1 ℃, the heating energy consumption index of buildings in winter is 5.04% lower than that of the suburbs.