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目的了解宁波市伤寒、副伤寒的流行特征和耐药性情况,为本地区伤寒、副伤寒的防治工作提供依据。方法收集宁波市2010年-2015年伤寒、副伤寒报告资料,采用SPSS 17.0软件和Excel 2003对数据进行统计处理,并对菌株分离鉴定、分型及耐药性分析。结果 2010年-2015年,伤寒、副伤寒年平均发病率为1.93/10万,发病高峰为5月-7月和1月-2月,发病年龄主要集中在20岁~59岁年龄段。疾病发病出现2个高峰,以夏季为主,冬春季节次之。伤寒、副伤寒沙门菌生化典型;病原菌对头孢类抗生素和氨基糖苷类药物耐药性高。分型显示甲型副伤寒沙门菌PFGE型相对集中,伤寒沙门菌PFGE型较散。结论 2010年-2015年宁波市伤寒、副伤寒发病维持在较低水平,与食物有关的冬春季发病次高峰是本地区一大特征。流行血清型正在替换成以伤寒沙门菌为主。病原菌对碳青霉烯类和喹诺酮类等药物较敏感。
Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics and drug resistance of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever in Ningbo and provide basis for the prevention and treatment of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever in this area. Methods The data of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever in Ningbo City from 2010 to 2015 were collected. The data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 and Excel 2003. The strains were isolated, identified, classified and analyzed for drug resistance. Results The average incidence of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever was 1.93 per 100 000 in 2010-2015. The peak incidence was from May to July and from January to February. The age of onset was mainly in the age range of 20 to 59 years. Disease incidence of two peaks, mainly in summer, followed by winter and spring. Salmonella, paratyphoid Salmonella biochemical typical; pathogenic bacteria cephalosporins and aminoglycosides drug-resistant. The typing showed that the relative concentration of Salmonella paratyphi PFGE type, Salmonella typhi PFGE type scattered. Conclusion From 2010 to 2015, the morbidity of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever in Ningbo City was kept at a low level. The next peak of food-related incidence in winter and spring was a major feature in this area. The epidemic serotype is being replaced by Salmonella typhi. Pathogens are more susceptible to carbapenems and quinolones and other drugs.