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社会类型划分是人类正确认识历史社会和现存社会,积极有效地治理社会的理论前提。围绕人和人的社会存在的价值问题,人类思想史上形成了划分社会类型的精神道德和物质利益两种截然不同标准,并由此形成社会退化论和社会进化论两大观点,在此基础上形成各种各样的社会类型说。本文从有序整合的角度,以亚里士多德“四因说”为理论分析的逻辑依据,把社会类型划分为自然社会、道德社会和利益社会三种社会形态,并由此出发分析现代利益社会的实质和困境,最后提出现代人类应当走“反向现代化”道路的初步设想。
The classification of social types is the theoretical premise for mankind to correctly understand the historical society and the existing society and to govern the society actively and effectively. Around the value of the social existence of human beings and people, the history of human thought has formed two distinct standards of social morality and material benefits that divide the social type, and thus formed two major views of social degeneration and social evolution, and on this basis formed Various social types say. From the perspective of orderly integration, Aristotle “four causes ” is the logical basis of theoretical analysis, the social type is divided into three social forms: natural society, moral society and social interest, and proceed from this Analyzes the essence and predicament of the modern interest society, and finally puts forward the tentative idea that the modern mankind should take the road of “reverse modernization”.