目的探讨颌骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的CT表现及其临床意义。方法回顾颌骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变36例,与病理对照,分析各类病变的CT表现特征。结果骨肉瘤1例,CT表现为不规则软组织肿块,呈溶骨性骨质破坏,肿块内有瘤骨形成。良性肿瘤及肿瘤样病变6例,为边缘规则肿块,无钙化、瘤骨及骨膜反应。成釉细胞瘤6例,为边缘规则的多房或单房状肿块,骨质膨胀性破坏。颌骨囊肿21例,其中根尖囊肿12例,含牙囊肿9例,表现为边缘光滑囊性低密度区,内含有牙根或牙冠。骨纤维异常增殖症2例,均为骨质膨胀性破坏,其内骨结构紊乱,正常骨小梁消失。结论各类颌骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变有不同的影像学特点,CT扫描对颌骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变定性诊断及侵犯范围的准确评估有重要意义,对治疗计划的制订有重要的参考作用。 Objective To investigate the CT appearance and clinical significance of jaw bone tumors and tumor-like lesions. Methods Thirty-six cases of jaw bone tumors and tumor-like lesions were retrospectively reviewed. The CT features of various lesions were analyzed. Results In 1 case of osteosarcoma, CT showed an irregular soft tissue mass that showed osteolytic bone destruction and tumor bone formation in the mass. 6 cases of benign tumors and tumor-like lesions were regular marginal masses with no calcification, nodules, and periosteal reaction. Ameloblastoma in 6 cases, the edge of the regular multi-room or single-room mass, bone expansion and destruction. There were 21 cases of jaw cysts, including 12 cases of apical cysts and 9 cases of dental cysts. The cysts were smooth, cystic, and low-density areas with roots or crowns. Bone fiber dysplasia was found in 2 cases. All of them were bone expansion and destruction. The bone structure was disordered and the normal bone trabecula disappeared. Conclusion There are different imaging features in various types of mandibular tumors and tumor-like lesions. CT scans have important significance in the qualitative diagnosis of the jaw bone tumors and tumor-like lesions and the accurate assessment of the scope of invasiveness. It is an important reference for the formulation of treatment plans.