文章以香港整笔拨款津助制度为例,论证了改革新政出现重大波折后改革者的应对办法,即改革转换器。改革新政推行后,解决了旧矛盾,产生了比旧矛盾程度更大的新矛盾,由此引发了群体性事件。值此关口,改革者可依据四条标准判断是步入陷阱(如黄宗羲陷阱)还是必须支付的代价。在改革代价不可避免的前提下,改革者需要组合五项通用机制,生成改革转换器,将改革代价转化为社会良序。 Taking Hong Kong’s Lump Sum Grant Grants as an example, the article demonstrates that the Reformers’ coping strategies after a major setback in the reform of the New Deal, that is, reforming the converter. After the implementation of the Reform New Deal, the old contradiction was solved and a new contradiction was created that was more contradictory than the old ones. As a result, mass incidents were triggered. At this juncture, the reformer can judge whether it is a pitfall (such as Huang Zongxi’s trap) or the price that must be paid according to the four criteria. Under the inevitable premise of reform, the reformers need to combine five common mechanisms to create a reform converter that transforms the cost of reform into a law of good order.