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本文主要对大兴安岭中部库都尔小九亚林场兴安落叶松种群的分布格局及其物种多样性进行了研究。结果表明:(1)库都尔兴安落叶松群落的树种组成简单,群落Ⅰ为兴安落叶松纯林,群落Ⅱ和群落Ⅲ均有白桦和兴安落叶松两种乔木树种。群落Ⅱ的林分密度最大,为1 530株/hm2。群落Ⅲ的林分密度最小,为670株/hm2。(2)兴安落叶松群落Ⅰ的种群分布格局为均匀分布,群落Ⅱ和群落Ⅲ为聚集分布。(3)兴安落叶松群落物种数分布范围为15种-18种。兴安落叶松群落的丰富度指数(S)的大小顺序为群落Ⅲ>群落Ⅱ>群落1。Simpson指数(D)显示群落Ⅱ>群落Ⅲ>群落1,而Shannon-Wiener指数(H’)则表现为群落Ⅲ>群落Ⅰ>群落Ⅱ。均匀度指数表现为群落Ⅱ>群落Ⅲ>群落Ⅰ。由群落的垂直结构可知,物种丰富度和多样性指数为草本层>灌木层>乔木层,群落Ⅰ和群落Ⅲ的三个均匀度指数表现为灌木层>草本层>乔木层。
In this paper, the population distribution and species diversity of Larix gmelinii populations in Xiaoyou-Aijia Farm, Koodoule, central Daxinganling were studied. The results showed that: (1) The tree species composition of Larix gmelinii was simple. The community I was the pure Larix gmelinii forest, and the two tree species were Betula platyphylla and Larix gmelinii in both community II and III. Community Ⅱ had the highest stand density of 1 530 plants / hm2. Community Ⅲ the lowest stand density, 670 plants / hm2. (2) Larix gmelinii population I distribution is uniform distribution, community II and community III aggregation distribution. (3) Larix gmelinii community species ranged from 15 species to 18 species. The order of abundance index (S) of Larix gmelinii community is community Ⅲ> community Ⅱ> community 1. The Simpson index (D) shows that community II> community III> community 1, while Shannon-Wiener index (H ’) shows community III> community I> community II. The evenness index showed that community Ⅱ> community Ⅲ> community Ⅰ. From the vertical structure of the community, the species richness and diversity index of herb layer> shrub layer> tree layer, community I and community Ⅲ showed that the three evenness indices were shrub layer> herb layer> tree layer.