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摘 要：为了提高阅读理解题的答题正确率，就必须通过不断地做练习进行有意思地培养思维逻辑判断能力；养成做每一道题都离不开对原文的理解和把握的习惯，答题时力求紧扣文章中心来寻找线索。
关键词：高考 阅读理解 解题技巧
尽管近几年高考英语阅读试题中推断题呈不断上升的趋势，但细节题仍然占有较大比例。纵观近五年高考，可以看出对细节题方面的考查所占比例一直维持在40%以上，而且已由过去简单的对号入座，直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查对英语语言的理解能力，考查难度有所增加。
所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接信息题（在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问）、间接信息题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论）、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。本文就细节题的不同类型谈谈其解题技巧。
1. 直接信息题
对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。
【考例】
（2010山东卷，C篇）68. What can we learn about “ Versed”?
A. It consists of three parts.
B. Its mainly about the American army.
C. Its a book published two decades ago.
D. It partly concerns the poets own life.
【解析】D。直接信息题。快速查找题干中的关键词 “Versed”，由倒数第三段内容(The first half of “Versed” focuses on the dark forces taking hold of the United States as it fought the war against Iraq. The second half looks at the dark forces casting a shadow over her own life after Armantrout was diagnosed with cancer in 2006.)可以看出，该作品分为两部分，其中第二部分涉及了作者自己的生活，故得出答案为D。
（2010全国Ⅰ卷，A篇）66. Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes?
A. To find more food.
B. To protect themselves better.
C. To keep themselves warm.
D. To produce their young.
【解析】D。直接信息题。快速查找题干中的关键词collect, smaller, rainy，根据最后一段中的 “but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes”可知它们在雨季聚在一起是为了繁殖后代, 答案为D。
2. 间接信息题
做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有一定难度。
【考例】
（2010天津卷 B篇）41. Through playing hideandseek, children are expected to learn to _______.
A. be a team leader
B. obey the basic rules
C. act as a grownup
D. predict possible danger
【解析】B。依据第二段最后两句话(Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating.)可知，通过玩跳绳、捉迷藏等游戏，除了享受趣味性之外，更重要的是孩子们学会遵守一些基本的规则，例如轮流做事和合作。所以正确答案为B。
3. 数字计算题
数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。
【考例】
（2010四川卷， D篇）56. How many sailors were held by the pirates up to the time of the report?
A. 228 B. 77
C. 383 D. 305
【解析】D。根据文章第一段内容(Somali pirates robbed three Thai fishing ships with 77 sailors on board.)和倒数第二段末句(Before the Sunday robbing, pirates held 11 ships and 228 sailors.)可知被海盗控制的船员数量为77及228两数之和，即共计305人，所以正确答案为D。
4. 排列顺序题
这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。
【考例】
（2010福建卷，A篇）57. Which of the following is the correct order to describe Fitzgeralds life according to the passage?
a. He became addicted to drinking.
b. He studied at St. Paul Academy.
c. He published his first novel This Side of Paradise.
d. The Great Catsby won high praise.
e. He failed to recorder his life.
f. He joined the army and met Zelda.
A. f-c-e-a-b-d B. b-e-a-f-c-d
C. f-d-e-c-b-aD. b-f-c-d-e-a
【解析】D。根据文章第一段第一句(F. Scott Fitzgerald was once a student of St. Paul Academy.)和第二句(In 1917 he joined the army and was posted in Alabama, where he met his future wife Zelda Sayre.)内容可确定首句为b而不是f。根据第三段第四句(But his greatest success was The Great Catsby, published in 1925, which quickly brught him praise from the literary world.)及末段倒数第二句(While his wife was in hospital in the United States, he got totally addicted to alcohol.)可知尾句为a而不是d，所以此题正确答案为D。
5. 图表图画题
在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答此类试题的时候，一定要把握图表图画中所暗含的信息，特别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的，我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。
【考例】
(2009安徽卷，D篇) 71. The chart shows that from 2005 to 2008, _______.
A. the percentage of the Spanish families with a computer rose 35 points
B. the percentage of the White families with a computer remained unchanged
C. the number of the Black families with a computer was on the decrease
D. the number of the Asian families with a computer showed the sharpest increase
【解析】D。观察原阅读材料中的柱形图（下图）中所示两年的变化可知正确答案为D。
总之，为了提高阅读理解中细节理解题的正确率，要通过不断做练习进行有意识地培养，切忌通过自己对某类知识的主观了解做出凭空想象的判断，
每一道题目的选择都离不开对原文的理解和把握，答题时要力求紧扣文章中心来寻找解题的线索。
关键词：高考 阅读理解 解题技巧
尽管近几年高考英语阅读试题中推断题呈不断上升的趋势，但细节题仍然占有较大比例。纵观近五年高考，可以看出对细节题方面的考查所占比例一直维持在40%以上，而且已由过去简单的对号入座，直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查对英语语言的理解能力，考查难度有所增加。
所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接信息题（在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问）、间接信息题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论）、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。本文就细节题的不同类型谈谈其解题技巧。
1. 直接信息题
对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。
【考例】
（2010山东卷，C篇）68. What can we learn about “ Versed”?
A. It consists of three parts.
B. Its mainly about the American army.
C. Its a book published two decades ago.
D. It partly concerns the poets own life.
【解析】D。直接信息题。快速查找题干中的关键词 “Versed”，由倒数第三段内容(The first half of “Versed” focuses on the dark forces taking hold of the United States as it fought the war against Iraq. The second half looks at the dark forces casting a shadow over her own life after Armantrout was diagnosed with cancer in 2006.)可以看出，该作品分为两部分，其中第二部分涉及了作者自己的生活，故得出答案为D。
（2010全国Ⅰ卷，A篇）66. Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes?
A. To find more food.
B. To protect themselves better.
C. To keep themselves warm.
D. To produce their young.
【解析】D。直接信息题。快速查找题干中的关键词collect, smaller, rainy，根据最后一段中的 “but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes”可知它们在雨季聚在一起是为了繁殖后代, 答案为D。
2. 间接信息题
做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有一定难度。
【考例】
（2010天津卷 B篇）41. Through playing hideandseek, children are expected to learn to _______.
A. be a team leader
B. obey the basic rules
C. act as a grownup
D. predict possible danger
【解析】B。依据第二段最后两句话(Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating.)可知，通过玩跳绳、捉迷藏等游戏，除了享受趣味性之外，更重要的是孩子们学会遵守一些基本的规则，例如轮流做事和合作。所以正确答案为B。
3. 数字计算题
数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。
【考例】
（2010四川卷， D篇）56. How many sailors were held by the pirates up to the time of the report?
A. 228 B. 77
C. 383 D. 305
【解析】D。根据文章第一段内容(Somali pirates robbed three Thai fishing ships with 77 sailors on board.)和倒数第二段末句(Before the Sunday robbing, pirates held 11 ships and 228 sailors.)可知被海盗控制的船员数量为77及228两数之和，即共计305人，所以正确答案为D。
4. 排列顺序题
这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。
【考例】
（2010福建卷，A篇）57. Which of the following is the correct order to describe Fitzgeralds life according to the passage?
a. He became addicted to drinking.
b. He studied at St. Paul Academy.
c. He published his first novel This Side of Paradise.
d. The Great Catsby won high praise.
e. He failed to recorder his life.
f. He joined the army and met Zelda.
A. f-c-e-a-b-d B. b-e-a-f-c-d
C. f-d-e-c-b-aD. b-f-c-d-e-a
【解析】D。根据文章第一段第一句(F. Scott Fitzgerald was once a student of St. Paul Academy.)和第二句(In 1917 he joined the army and was posted in Alabama, where he met his future wife Zelda Sayre.)内容可确定首句为b而不是f。根据第三段第四句(But his greatest success was The Great Catsby, published in 1925, which quickly brught him praise from the literary world.)及末段倒数第二句(While his wife was in hospital in the United States, he got totally addicted to alcohol.)可知尾句为a而不是d，所以此题正确答案为D。
5. 图表图画题
在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答此类试题的时候，一定要把握图表图画中所暗含的信息，特别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的，我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。
【考例】
(2009安徽卷，D篇) 71. The chart shows that from 2005 to 2008, _______.
A. the percentage of the Spanish families with a computer rose 35 points
B. the percentage of the White families with a computer remained unchanged
C. the number of the Black families with a computer was on the decrease
D. the number of the Asian families with a computer showed the sharpest increase
【解析】D。观察原阅读材料中的柱形图（下图）中所示两年的变化可知正确答案为D。
总之，为了提高阅读理解中细节理解题的正确率，要通过不断做练习进行有意识地培养，切忌通过自己对某类知识的主观了解做出凭空想象的判断，
每一道题目的选择都离不开对原文的理解和把握，答题时要力求紧扣文章中心来寻找解题的线索。