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流行性感冒(简称流感)主要是由甲型流感病毒(Influenza A virus,IAV)引起的一种急性呼吸道传染病。流感病毒属于正粘病毒科,正粘病毒科病毒有包膜、核酸为分节段的单负链RNA,IAV有8个节段,编码10种蛋白质。血凝素(HA)和神经氨酸酶(NA)是病毒包膜表面的2个重要蛋白质,这2个蛋白质基因突变能产生16种HA和9种NA,可组成不同亚型的IAV。流感病毒的RNA聚合酶复合物是由PB1、PB2、PA以及核蛋白(NP)组成,并与病毒的RNA核糖核蛋白相联接。流感病毒的基质蛋白有2种类型:M1和M2,M1与病毒形态及复制
Influenza (influenza) is mainly an acute respiratory infection caused by Influenza A virus (IAV). The influenza virus belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae, the family Orthomyxoviridae has envelope and the nucleic acid is a single-stranded RNA. The IAV has 8 segments and encodes 10 kinds of proteins. Haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) are two important proteins on the surface of the virus envelope. The two protein mutations can produce 16 kinds of HA and 9 kinds of NA, which can form different subtypes of IAV. The influenza virus RNA polymerase complex consists of PB1, PB2, PA and nucleoprotein (NP) and is linked to the viral RNA ribonucleoprotein. There are two types of influenza virus matrix proteins: M1 and M2, M1 and virus morphology and replication