光放大材料是光纤放大器的主要组成部分 ,它决定光纤放大器的光放大功率。本文介绍了掺稀土离子如Er3 + 、Nd3 + 、Pr3 + 及Dy3 + 等玻璃的光放大原理以及影响光放大的各种因素。稀土离子本身存在的多种发射跃迁、无辐射跃迁 ,稀土离子间相互作用以及玻璃基质都影响稀土离子的光放大跃迁效率。上述分析对掺稀土离子玻璃的光放大材料性能的改进和新材料的设计可提供有益的指导 Optical amplification material is the main part of the fiber amplifier, which determines the optical amplifier optical amplifier power. This paper introduces the principles of optical amplification of rare earth-doped glasses such as Er3 +, Nd3 +, Pr3 + and Dy3 +, and various factors that affect the optical amplification. Rare earth ion itself has a variety of emission transitions, non-radiation transitions, rare earth ion interactions and glass matrix are rare earth ions affect the optical amplification transition efficiency. The above analysis can provide useful guidance on the improvement of the performance of the optical amplifying material doped with rare earth ion glass and the design of new materials