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山茶属(Camellia)是山茶科(Theaceae)中物种丰富、经济效益较高的属。分类学上对山茶属的亚属、组以及种的划分争议较大,著名的3大山茶属植物分类系统分别由Sealy、张宏达和闵天禄提出。DNA条形码技术是指通过对植物基因组中的特定基因进行片段扩增、测序发现其碱基变化规律的技术手段,在分类学研究中显示出巨大的应用潜力。选取trn H-psb A和mat K序列的通用引物,对山茶属不同植物基因组DNA进行扩增和序列测定,分别得到了ttrn H-psb A序列和mat K序列各61条,山茶属mat K序列相似度极高(98.40%),物种分辨率较低。trn H-psb A的属间物种分辨能力达到100%,而在山茶属内物种分辨率仅为13.11%。结果表明:trn H-psb A序列能够有效地区分不同属间的植物,但种间分类能力较弱。
Camellia is a species rich and economically profitable in Theaceae. Taxonomic classification of subgenus, group and species of Camellia is more controversial, the famous three big camellia plant classification system proposed by Sealy, Zhang Hongda and Min Tianlu. DNA barcoding technology refers to the technical means of amplifying a specific gene in a plant genome by sequencing and finding the regularity of its base change, which shows great potential in taxonomy research. The common primers of trn H-psb A and mat K sequences were selected to amplify and sequence the genomic DNA of different plants of Camellia japonica. Thamn H-psb A sequence and mat K sequence were obtained respectively. High similarity (98.40%), low species resolution. Inter-species resolution of trn H-psb A reached 100%, while species resolution within Camellia was only 13.11%. The results showed that the trn H-psb A sequence could distinguish different genera of different genera effectively, but its interspecific taxonomy was weak.