国家治理能力现代化需要处理好“政府、市场、社会”三者相互之间的关系,而其中政府与市场之间的关系,是国家治理能力现代化体现的核心问题,也是对市场在整个资源配置中起到决定性作用的因素。本文从经济法效率视角切入,指出需要克制政府“管事”偏好,减少政府对资源的直接支配、配置,其中调整国家干预与市场的关系是一个关键步骤。 The modernization of national governance needs to deal with the relationship between the government, the market and the society. The relationship between the government and the market is the core issue of the modernization of the government’s ability to govern. Configuration plays a decisive role in the factor. This essay starts from the perspective of efficiency of economic law, points out that it is necessary to restrain government “management ” preference and reduce the government’s direct control and allocation of resources. Adjustment of the relationship between state intervention and the market is a key step.